宋代州郡推官之研究

宋代行政運作的研究，歷代偏重政治上層結構，然而地方官員的任用與遷轉，是國家體制運作的重要基石之一。宋代官員的層級可分為幕職州縣官、京官、朝官三層次，朝官又名升朝官，指在朝廷做官而經常上朝參見皇帝。京官指在朝廷做官而未經常上朝參見皇帝。其中幕職州縣官的研究，有關判官、錄事參軍、縣令、主簿、縣尉等職官，已有相當成果。惟獨幕職官中的「推官」，目前尚無專文討論。本文特以「推官」為研究主題，乃因宋代是個重視司法審判程序的朝代，以州軍政府為例，由簽廳受理訴訟，經審訊與檢法，最後將「擬判」文件上呈知州判決。「擬判」的工作，原則上多推官或是簽書判官廳公事執筆，在案件呈閱過程中，「推官」扮演著重要角色，他們負責依據法條寫出擬判文書，所以一般對推官的職責定位在「推鞫獄訟」。但是經過史料的收集與研討，發現推官還有「催督賦稅」之責，其次推官協助知州辦理州業務還有：催收欠款、維護社會秩序、興修農田水利、賑濟災荒、建設地方等多種任務，從推官如此多元的工作內容來看，推官在州級政府的地位可謂舉足輕重，因為推官具有承上啟下功用，除知州與通判之外，他是最能了解州級行政事務的官員，他們展現如此多方面的工作能力，顯示出州級幕職人員的重要性。

關鍵字

推官；幕職州縣官；磨勘制度；印紙批書；俸給；科舉

並列摘要

This special order "push official" as the research topic, due attention is the Song dynasty judicial proceedings to state military government, for example, by the Office of admissibility proceedings signed by trial and seizure law, and finally "intend judgment" document was known to the state sentence. "Proposed contracting" work, in principle, many officials push or Magistrate Office official penned a book signing in the process of case review, "officials push" play an important role, they are responsible to be sentenced in accordance with statute written instrument, it is generally push officer on duty located in "pushing Ju prison litigation." But after historical data collection and research, found that officials push also "urge Governor taxes," the responsibility, and secondly to know the state officials push to help businesses deal with the state are: debt collection, maintenance of public order, irrigation irrigation, famine relief, construction areas, etc. a variety of tasks, from the work of officials push so diverse content, pushing the official position of the government at the state level can be described as decisive, because officials push has nexus function, in addition to know the state and pass sentence, he is the most able to understand the state-level administrative affairs officials, who demonstrate the ability to work so multifaceted, state-level screen shows the importance of recruits.

並列關鍵字

Officials push the curtain post magistrate ； Mokan system ； batch printing paper books ； stipends ； imperial

參考文獻

12. 李弘祺，〈宋代官員數的統計〉，《食貨月刊》，臺北：聯經出版社，1984年，第 14卷5、6期，頁227-239。

15. 衣川強，鄭梁生譯，〈以文臣為中心論宋代路俸給〉（上），《食貨月刊》，臺北：食貨月刊社，1974年，第4卷，第5期，頁202-232。

16. 衣川強，鄭梁生譯，〈以文臣為中心論宋代路俸給〉（上），《食貨月刊》，臺北：食貨月刊社，1974年，第4卷，第6期，頁233-253。

24. 金中樞，〈北宋召試除職并其列表考〉，《成功大學歷史學報》，臺南，成功大學歷史系，1998年，第14號。

22. 金中樞，〈北宋科舉制度研究再續一進士諸科之殿試試法（上）〉，收錄於《宋史研究集》第十五輯，臺北：國立編譯館，1984年，頁125-188。

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宋代州郡推官之研究

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