歐盟民事危機管理政策研究：決策、執行與問題剖析

EU Civilian Crisis Management Policy: Decision-making Procedure, Implementation and Problems

鍾幸珮(Hsing-Pei Chung)

指導教授 ： 張福昌

淡江大學/國際研究學院/歐洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00517

摘要

近年來歐洲聯盟（European Union; EU，以下簡稱歐盟）危機管理能力深受世界矚目，而歐盟軍事與民事的介入也讓許多戰亂國家與危機地區獲得盼望已久的和帄與穩定。歐盟身為一個同時擁有「超國家」與「政府間」色彩的區域組織，其民事危機管理的推展與運作深值探討。例如，決策與行動相關權責單位與行為者的橫向及縱向互動為何？歐盟民事危機管理政策(EU Civilian Crisis Management Policy)對歐盟的柔性權力(Soft Power)與全球角色，以及解決外部安全問題有何影響？
本研究以歐盟民事危機管理政策為研究標的，並使用制度主義(Institutionalism)作為研究理論，分析共同安全與防衛政策(Common Security and Defence Policy; CSDP)下，歐盟民事危機管理的組織與運作，以及重要參與者的互動關係。為此，作者採取三步驟分析之：一、解析歐盟民事危機管理程序(Crisis Management Procedure; CMP)的階段性發展；二、探究歐盟三大機構：歐盟理事會（Council of the European Union，以下簡稱理事會）、歐洲執行委員會（European Commission，以下簡稱執委會）、歐洲議會，在歐盟民事危機管理的參與；三、以理事會為主體，探討歐盟民事危機管理政策的核心指揮鏈與行動指揮鏈，藉此以瞭解歐盟民事危機管理政策運作的整體概觀。
經過縝密的分析與批判後，作者發現目前歐盟民事危機管理政策的運作有三大重要問題：民事能力不足、構想不夠周全、歐盟機構的問題等。其次，透過歐盟機構與會員國的合作，歐盟民事危機管理政策對歐盟柔性權力的強化，有明顯程度的助益。未來，提升該政策運作效率的關鍵，乃在於設立與整合歐盟民事危機管理的協調機制。而甫於2010年12月1日開始運作的歐洲對外行動處(European External Action Service; EEAS)將可望改善當前歐盟民事危機管理政策所面臨的問題。

關鍵字

歐洲聯盟 ； 歐洲安全與防衛政策 ； 歐盟民事危機管理政策 ； 危機管理程序 ； 政治與安全委員會 ； 民事層面危機管理委員會

並列摘要

In recent years, the European Union (EU) crisis management is renowned around the world. The EU brought peace, stability and prosperity to countries under war craft and conflict by its military and civilian intervention. With the ―supranational‖ and ―intergovernmental‖ nature of the Union, the development and operation of the EU civilian crisis management are worth to be investigated. For example, how do the relevant units and actors interact on the horizontal and vertical level in the decision-making process and implementationNULL What does the EU civilian crisis management policy mean to its soft power and global role, as well as the solutions to its external security problemsNULL
This thesis centers on the EU civilian crisis management policy, and we try to apply the important ideas of the Institutionalism to elaborate the organisation and operation, and the interaction between the crucial participators under the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). For this, we took three steps: 1. Observe and analyze the EU civilian crisis management procedure (CMP); 2. Discover the role of the Council of the European Union, European Commission and European Parliament in the EU civilian crisis management; 3. Focus on the Council of the European Union, and discuss its core chain of command and operational chain of command in the EU civilian crisis management, so as to understand the whole picture of the policy.
After analyzing and criticizing these issues, the author found three important problems in the operation of the EU civilian crisis management policy: Lack of civilian capacity, the weakness of the concepts governing CSDP interventions, and institutional wrangles in Brussels. Besides, via the cooperation between its institutions and Member States, the EU made great achievements in the civilian crisis management policy. At the meanwhile, it also enhanced the soft power widely and deeply. In future, the key to upgrade the efficiency of the policy is to establish and integrate the coordination mechanism of the EU civilian crisis management. Hopefully, the European External Action Service (EEAS) which was launched on the December 1st, 2010 will solve the problem that faced by the EU civilian crisis management policy.

並列關鍵字

European Union ； Common Security and Defence Policy ； EU Civilian Crisis Management Policy ； Crisis Management Procedure ； Political and Security Committee ； Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management

參考文獻

吳萬寶：歐洲安全暨防衛政策與境外任務，台中市：天空數位圖書有限公司，2009年。

張嘉斌：論歐洲安全暨防衛政策非軍事工具之建構與發展，刊載於：歐洲國際評論，第3期，2007年，頁45-74。

Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, OJ C 115, 09.05.2008. (Treaty of Lisbon)

Council of the European Union: Civilian Capabilities Commitment Conference 2004- Ministerial Declaration, 22.11.2004.

Council of the European Union: Civilian Capabilities Improvement Conference 2007- Ministerial Declaration, 19.11.2007.