從《韓非子》寓言論韓非的政治思想

A Discussion on the Political Thought of Han Fei from the Perspective of the Fables in Han Feizi

許薌君(Hsiang-Chun Hsu)

指導教授 ： 王邦雄

淡江大學/文學院/中國文學系博士班/博士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00418

摘要

本文主要目的，是以《韓非子》書中寓言，研究韓非以寓言寄寓的政治思想。《韓非子》中有大量寓言，其中絕大多數寓言皆為歷史寓言，此以歷史人物與歷史故事作為寓言主要素材的表現方式，必然與韓非以治國、治民為依歸的政治思想具有密切關係。本文即企圖透過《韓非子》寓言，來探析韓非以「法」、「勢」、「術」建構而成的思想體系。
研究中國古代哲學家與其思想時，原典為最重要依據，本文即以文本詮釋為主要研究方法，並輔以文獻探討與歷史研究。全文分為八章，第一章為緒論，探討既有研究成果，並說明本文的研究動機、目的、方法、架構、範圍和重心。第二章說明《韓非子》寓言的背景與內涵，主要包括戰國時代寓言興盛的原因、韓非政治思想的淵源及韓非寓言的入世觀。第三章探析《韓非子》寓言中政治思想的理論基礎，分別從人性論、價值觀和治道觀予以探討。第四章解析《韓非子》寓言中的法制要素，從法的公平性、普遍性、標準性、強制性來做解析。第五章詮釋《韓非子》寓言中的勢位關係，從人設之勢、待賢不如任勢、信賞必罰、勢不能借於人等方向來做說明。第六章探討《韓非子》寓言中的術用模式，從無為之術、術的謀略、因任授官、循名責實等方面分別探討。第七章為《韓非子》寓言的政治理想，說明韓非的政治理想是：以國家利益高於一切的君國思想來達成國富兵強的終極目標。第八章為結論，說明《韓非子》寓言不但透顯了韓非的政治思想，亦展現出韓非強烈的用世企圖，並說明韓非思想難以解消的困難，以及對當代政治的啟發。

關鍵字

寓言 ； 《韓非子》 ； 法勢術 ； 韓非政治思想

並列摘要

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the metaphor of Han Fei’s political thought from the perspective of the fables in the book Han Fenzi. There are many fables in Han Fenzi, and most of them are historical fables. The expression mainly based on the fables of historical figures and stories is necessarily closely related to Han Fei’s political thought oriented to the rule of country and people. The study intended to investigate Han Fei’s ideological system founded on “law,” “power,” and “artifice” from the perspective of the fables in Han Fenzi.
In respect of the investigational on ancient Chinese philosophers and their thoughts, the most important material is the original texts. The study uses the interpretation of original texts as the research method, supplemented with literature review and historical study. The paper is divided into eight chapters: Chapter 1 is the Introduction, which reviews the existing research results, and states the research motivation, purpose, method, framework, scope, and focus. Chapter 2 explains the background and connotation of the fables in Han Fenzi, including the causes for the rise and decline of fables in the Warring States Period, the original of Han Fei’s political thought, and the view of care for worldly affairs in his fables. Chapter 3 investigates the theoretical foundation of the political thoughts in the fables of Han Fenzi from the perspectives of the theory of human nature, values, and governance, respectively. Chapter 4 analyzes the elements of legal system in the fables of Han Fenzi from the properties of law, including equity, generality, standard, and mandatory obligation. Chapter 5 interprets the relationship between power and position in the fables of Han Fenzi by explaining the aspects such as the power of people, it is preferable to rule a country by power than to rule it by waiting for the rise of the saints, giving rewards or punishments strictly and impartially, one’s power cannot be used by others, etc. Chapter 6 explores the model for the use of power in the fables of Han Fenzi from the aspects such as the artifice of inaction, strategies of artifices, and endowing one with an official position conforming to his ability. Chapter 7 reviews the political thought in the fables of Han Fenzi, indicating that Han Fei’s political thought is: to achieve the ultimate goal of making the country rich and building up its military power based on the interest of country from the perspective of nationalism. Chapter 8 is the conclusion, which indicates that the fables of Han Fenzi not only reveals Han Fei’s political thought, but also exhibits his strong ambition to contribute himself to the country. In addition, the reason for the difficulty in eliminating the impact of Han Fei’s thoughts, and his inspiration to China at that time are further demonstrated.

並列關鍵字

Fable, Han Feizi, ； Law ； law-power-artifice ； Han Fei’s political thought

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