中共海事執法部門之變革—以釣魚台維權事件為例

2012年9月11日日本政府片面對我國釣魚台列嶼實施「國有化」作為後，我國提出異議，日本單方面的作為亦引發中共不滿，致中、日雙方關係嚴重倒退。對此，中共在國內及國際上，開展一系列主權聲索作為，中共亦體認到整併高效率的海洋管理機構之重要性，2013年中共進行大部制改革，重新組建國家海洋局，現改革迄令已3年餘，中共海事執法船巡航釣魚台列嶼任務佈署及對外執法模式均有改變，中共海事執法部門之變革及重組之實踐與成效值予關注，本篇論文採用文獻分析法由政策面與執行面切入，並針對中共海事執法部門重組「成效」進行研究，檢視中共海事執法部門整合成果。目前中共海事執法部門仍在改革中，正朝地方總隊、支隊推進，然中共中央支持力度仍大，經費到位，挹注基本建設項目，惟中共現階段所遇困難在於海上執法權責未明，法規未臻完善、海上執法資源分配不均、中共國家海洋局重整未有具體期程規劃；對外部分，中共海警船與日本海保廳巡視船執法效能仍有差距，現階段僅能靠建置特大噸位船艦，來彌補執法劣勢，然中共海事執法部門重組已見初步成效，資源綜合調配下，維權執法船隻平均船齡已下降，平均噸級亦明顯提升，至於釣魚台列嶼定期巡航維權部分，中共在釣魚台列嶼海域維權執法已成常態，確已達成與日本「共同」控制釣魚台列嶼的目的，且中、日雙方海上互動模式亦已形成。

關鍵字

國家海洋局；釣魚台；巡航；成效

並列摘要

The “nationalization” of Taiwan-controlled Diaoyu Islands by the Japanese government on September 11, 2012 sparked protests from the Republic of China as well as outrage from the People’s Republic of China, severely worsening China-Japan relations. As a result of these events, the PROC began a series of sovereignty declaration operations both domestically and internationally, as it recognized the necessity for a high-efficiency oceanic administration. It has been three years since the large-scale transformations in 2013 that saw the reformation of the State Oceanic Administration. Changes have been implemented regarding mission deployment of maritime law-enforcement patrols in the Diaoyu Islands as well as outward law-enforcement. The realization and results of the transformation of China MSA is a matter worth paying attention to. This paper will focus on policy and execution as it aims to study the “results” of China MSA law-enforcement reforms through literature review. China MSA is currently still undergoing transformation into local headquarters and support teams. The PROC central administration is extremely supportive of these reforms as they pledge funds to enhance basic military infrastructure. However, the current internal problems at this stage are the lack of a clear divide of authority and responsibility due to incomplete laws, a gap in maritime law-enforcement resource distribution as well as a lack of a comprehensive, phase-by-phase reform of the State Oceanic Administration. Externally, there is still a considerable gap in the law-enforcement capabilities of PROC maritime police ships and Japan Coast Guard cruise ships. This problem can only be remedied at the current stage through the construction of gargantuan warships in order to make up for the aforementioned gap. However, initial results of China MSA reforms can already be seen, as the average age of the warships has decreased while the average tonnage has increased through the integration of resources. As for the Diaoyu Islands, regular PROC law-enforcement and sovereignty protection activities in the region have become the norm. The PROC has also achieved its goal of “joint” control of the Diaoyu Islands with Japan while establishing a naval interaction model with them.

並列關鍵字

State Oceanic Administration ； Diaoyu Islands ； Cruise ； Results

參考文獻

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一、專書