俄烏天然氣爭議與歐盟角色之研究

Study on the Role of EU in the Gas Dispute between Russia and Ukraine

章凱婷(Kai-Ting Chang)

指導教授 ： 魏百谷 ； 馬良文

淡江大學/國際研究學院/俄羅斯研究所碩士班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00583

摘要

冷戰的結束，非傳統安全的重要性隨之受到國際的關注，烏克蘭身為俄羅斯天然氣運往歐洲最大過境國，除了亞馬爾-歐洲天然氣管線以外，俄羅斯通往歐洲80%的天然氣皆通過烏克蘭，因此地緣位置的重要性被俄歐兩國重視，俄羅斯也一直將烏克蘭視為本國的勢力範圍，因此兩國的關係為俄羅斯所重視。
在歷經2006年與2009年俄羅斯兩次切斷通往烏克蘭的天然氣事件，歐盟皆深受斷氣事件的影響，並且在衝突當中扮演協調者的角色，促使俄羅斯與烏克蘭盡快解決斷氣的紛爭，恢復對歐洲各國的天然氣供應。俄羅斯、烏克蘭、歐盟無論是生產國、過境過、或進口國都面臨不同的能源挑戰，並且呈現相互依賴的關係，本文希望藉由對俄烏天然氣爭議的探討，了解俄羅斯與烏克蘭的外交與能源關係。
有鑑於此，本文透過文獻分析法，來探究俄羅斯對近鄰國家的外交與能源政策、烏克蘭的國內政治與對俄關係、以及歐盟在衝突中扮演的角色。根據本文的研究，發現俄羅斯透過管線的多樣化政策，積極的加強國內能源的供應穩定與減少天然氣過境烏克蘭，而烏克蘭一直存在親俄與親西兩種勢力，不同的意識形態為烏克蘭帶來不同的外交政策方針，國內能源公司與政府的立場不一是加劇斷氣事件的主要原因，身為俄羅斯最大天然氣客戶的歐盟，藉由烏克蘭想加入北約與歐盟的政治傾向，與俄羅斯能源出口的依賴，在其中扮演協調者的角色。本文研究的結果認為，俄羅斯並無藉由天然氣的供應，影響烏克蘭的內政。

關鍵字

俄羅斯與烏克蘭關係 ； 俄羅斯與歐盟關係 ； 烏克蘭與歐盟關係 ； 歐盟能源政策

並列摘要

With the end of cold war, non-traditional security under which the economic issue is categorized has come into international notice. As the Russia’s biggest transit country to Europe, Ukraine is of geographical importance which transited 80% natural gas of Russia aside from Yamal-pipeline to Europe. As a result, Russia and Europe still keep a close eye on Ukraine in terms of geographical views. Ukraine was viewed as Russia’s home turf, so the latter attaches much importance on bilateral relationship.
Two cases made a great effect upon European Union. One was the Russia’s natural gas cut to Ukraine in 2006 and the other was in 2009. In these two disputes, European Union played the so-called coordinator role and urged both Russia and Ukraine settle the disputes as well as restored the natural gas supply to EU nations. Russia, Ukraine and Europe form interdependent networks, and thus the production-oriented country, import-oriented country, and the transit country are facing different challenges in regard to energy issues. The purpose of this thesis is to realize Russia’s foreign policy towards Ukraine with regard to energy issues, and explore the gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine.
Therefore, secondary data and official documents were culled to discuss Russia’s foreign policy towards its adjacent countries on energy issues, and the transformation of EU’s role in the gas dispute. The research has found that Russia positively strengthened domestic energy supply, and decreased a large amount of gas transit in Ukraine where there has been two factions representing Russian bloc and West bloc. However, different ideologies bring about the weather vane of foreign policy. Domestic companies and governmental stances are not the main reasons for Russia to cut the gas supply. As the chief client of Russia, EU played coordinator role mainly because of the Ukrainian political milieu to register the membership in EU and Russian intent to find a way out for export. Finally, Russia didn’t try to influence the domestic affairs of Ukraine via gas supply.

並列關鍵字

Relationship of Russia and Ukraine ； Relationship of Russia and EU ； Relationship of Ukraine and EU ； EU's energy policy

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