後冷戰時代台灣海洋戰略之研究

The Study of Taiwan's Oceanic Strategy in Post Cold War Era

李政峰(Jheng-Feng Li)

指導教授 ： 施正權

淡江大學/國際研究學院/國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00501

摘要

二十一世紀是海洋的世紀。尤其在陸地上的資源逐漸匱乏之際，向海洋發展成為人類未來的新希望。由於海洋蘊藏了豐富的漁業資源及能源礦產，因此爭取海洋利益就成了濱海國家的首要國家利益。
從歷史的經驗中可以得到，英國由於受益於傳統海權所帶來的影響，成為「日不落帝國」；而美國在冷戰中獲得勝利是得利於海洋戰略的成果；甚至中國於近年來在亞洲的崛起，也是靠著有規劃及系統的國家戰略：海洋戰略。台灣在傳統上一直是個陸權國家，不過在冷戰結束、以及政黨輪替之後，開始重視海洋利益，國家戰略範疇之下的海洋戰略才開始較為在其國家戰略中突出。
海洋戰略是一個較海權更容易讓人誤解的名詞。海洋戰略並非就是海軍戰略，而是國家戰略範疇下的一部份。從各種文獻探討中可以知道，海洋戰略可分為傳統的古典軍事要素為主的海洋戰略；以及變身為國家戰略一環的海洋戰略。本文從探討傳統的海權思想、運用海權的古典海洋戰略、擺盪在軍事戰略以及國家戰略的美國海洋戰略、奠定海洋戰略為國家戰略的中國海洋戰略中得到台灣若需立足於國際社會上、以及對抗來自中國的威脅，則必須將海洋戰略提昇為國家戰略是較為可行的方法。
台灣的海洋戰略可以從三個面向來進行探討，分別為海洋政策、海洋安全、海洋議題。這三者環環相扣，也還原了台灣海洋戰略的全貌。台灣的海洋政策發展是受到「聯合國海洋公約」的影響，以及國內發展海洋聲浪所產生出來的對應性產物。而海洋安全更是融合了傳統的海軍戰略以及國家經濟來源的海上生命線。最後則是海洋戰略的實務面，分別是南海議題與釣魚台議題，這兩個議題徹底展現了台灣海洋戰略中的政策思維與實際作為。
雖然台灣海洋戰略的發展從2008年再度政黨輪替之後，又再度隱而不顯。國家戰略走向似乎不再從海洋戰略中發展，不過由於海洋戰略具有主動及統合所有事務的功能，因此台灣是否能以一個較為高度統合與經濟的方式用來對抗未來的威脅，成為一個未來執政者值得深思的議題。

關鍵字

海權 ； 海洋戰略 ； 海洋政策 ； 海洋安全 ； 海洋議題

並列摘要

The twenty-first century is the age of the ocean. Especially when the land increasingly scarce resources to the occasion, to development the ocean become a new hope for the humanity in future. As the rich deposits of marine fisheries resources and energy resources, it became a fight for the ocean interests of the coastal state of marine primary national interests.
From the historical experience, the United Kingdom to benefit from the traditional sea power become the"empire on which the sun never sets"; while the United States during the Cold War victory is nothing but harmful to the marine strategy, results; and even China in recent years, the rise of Asia, also with the planned and systematic national strategy: Marine Strategy. Taiwan has traditionally been a continental power, but in the end of the Cold War, and the rotation of political parties, after paying attention to maritime interests, the national strategy within the scope of the maritime strategy began to be more prominent in their national strategies.
Oceanic Strategy is a sea power more easily than the misleading term. Is the Navy's maritime strategy is not a strategy, but the context of the national strategy a part of. From a variety of literature review can be aware of, ocean strategy can be divided into the military elements of the classical tradition-based maritime strategy; and transform into a national strategy a part of marine strategy. In this paper, the traditional sea power of thinking, the use of sea power in classical maritime strategy, swinging in military strategy and national strategies for the U.S. maritime strategy, maritime strategy to lay a national strategy to get China's Maritime Strategy For Taiwan based on the international community, as well as against the threat from China, it must be upgraded to national strategies maritime strategy is a more feasible option.
Taiwan's maritime strategy can be carried out from three to explore for, namely, ocean policy, marine safety, marine issues. These three interlocking, but also to restore the complete picture of Taiwan's maritime strategy. Taiwan's ocean policy is constrained by the "UN Convention" effect, and domestic development of the ocean noise generated by the product out of correspondence. The integration of maritime security is the traditional naval strategy, as well as the source of the country's economic lifeline at sea. Finally, there is the practical side maritime strategy, namely the South China Sea issues and the Diaoyutai issue, the two topics thoroughly demonstrates the policy of Taiwan's maritime strategy in the thinking and practical activities.
Although Taiwan Ocean Strategy's development from 2008 after the re-rotation of political parties, once again hidden and not obvious. Towards a national strategy no longer seems to develop from a maritime strategy, but since ocean strategy is proactive and integration capabilities in all matters, so whether Taiwan is able to a relatively high degree of integration and cost-effective way to combat future threats to become a future ruler subject worthy of serious consideration.

並列關鍵字

Sea Power ； Oceanic Strategy ； Maritime Strategy ； Maritime Policy ； Maritime Security

參考文獻

˙ 邱子軒撰。《中共與美國海事安全互動》。淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士論文，2008年。

˙ 林文隆。〈浪淘彼岸 – 從全球海上安全概念之發展看美國實踐海上反恐之意涵〉，《國防雜誌》。第24卷第4期，2009年8月，頁4-10。

˙ 張競。〈論自印度洋至西太平洋之海線交通安全〉，《國防雜誌》。第23卷第3期，2008年6月，頁5-11。

˙ 林文隆。〈舊瓶新烈酒：「存在艦隊」 - 古典戰略的顛覆與創新〉，《國防雜誌》。第23卷第3期，2008年6月，頁30-45。

˙ 潘世勇。〈就地緣戰略看中共海軍未來發展〉，《國防雜誌》。第23卷第3期，2008年6月，頁105-115。