一個基於區塊的正交區域保留投影之人臉超解析技術

監視系統的攝影機常常都只能拍下低解析度的影像，所以我們也很難去看清楚影像裡的人物。為了解決這個問題，便開始有很多的專家學者提出一些不同的方法，來針對這些影像做超解析化。在這裡我們也針對人臉影像的超解析化，提出了一個使用正交區域保留投影OLPP（Orthogonal Locality Preserving Projections）的技術。目的是發現區域鄰接的幾何流形結構，產生正交的基底函數。我們利用區塊來完成臉部超解析化的演算法。首先將訓練資料庫裡的低解析度人臉影像根據五官位置分割成4個區塊，分別利用PCA（Principal Component Analysis）降低維度，再建構出OLPP轉換矩陣。另一方面，利用已知資料的低解析影像的OLPP係數與相對應的高解析影像訓練廣義迴歸網路 GRNN（General Regression Neural Network）。對於一張待重建的低解析影像，一樣分成4個區塊，分別已建構好的OLPP求出它們的係數。這些係數再分別輸入已經訓練好的GRNN，將區塊重建成原來的解析度。根據實驗結果，本文所提的方法都有滿意的結果。

關鍵字

人臉超解析化；區域保留投影；類神經網路；正交；流形；廣義迴歸網路

並列摘要

Due to cost consideration, the quality of images captured from surveillance systems usually is poor. It makes the face recognition difficult in these low-resolution images. Here we propose a block-based algorithm called Orthogonal Locality Preserving Projections (OLPP) for super-resolution of face images. The purpose is to discover the local structure of the manifold and produce orthogonal basis functions for face images. To train the system, we divide the high-resolution images and the corresponding low-resolution images into 4 blocks (forehead, eyes, nose, and mouth). For each block, we use the low-resolution ones to find an OLPP transformation matrix. Then, use the obtained coefficients from the OLPP (input) and the corresponding high-resolution one (target) to train a GRNN (General Regression Neural Network). For an unseen low-resolution face image, it is divided into 4 blocks similarly and the corresponding coefficients for each block are obtained by the trained OLPP transformation matrix. Finally, an improved super-resolution block is obtained by feeding the coefficients of OLPP into GRNN. And a super-resolution face image is achieved by combining all blocks. Comparing to existing methods, the proposed method has shown an improved and promising results.

並列關鍵字

Face Super-Resolution ； Locality Preserving Projection ； Neural Network ； Orthogonal ； Regression ； Manifold

參考文獻

[1] S. Baker and T. Kanade, “Hallucinating Faces,” Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. Grenoble, France, pp. 83-88, 2000.

[2] J. S. Park and S. W. Lee, “Resolution Enhancement of Facial Image Using An Error Back-projection of Example-based Learning,” in Proc. 6th IEEE Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul, Korea, pp. 831-836, 2004.

[3] M. Turk and A. Pentland, “Eigenfaces for recognition,” Cogn Neurosci vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 71-86, 1991.

[4] P. Belhumeur, J. Hespanha, and D. Kriegman, “Eigenfaces VS. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection,” IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 711-720, 2001.

[5] X. He, S. Yan, Y. Hu, P. Niyogi, and H. J. Zhang, “Face Recognition Using Laplacianfaces,” IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 328-340, 2005.

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一個基於區塊的正交區域保留投影之人臉超解析技術

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