帝國制式的文化鏡映──清代臺灣方志的纂修視域及其〈風俗〉類中所再現的臺人之相

The Culture Reflection Under Imperial Ching Dynasty-- the Compiling Visual Field in Taiwan Gazetteers and the Reconstruction of the Image of Taiwanese People in the “Folk Custom Category”

吳宜蓉(Yi-Jong Wu)

指導教授 ： 吳明勇

淡江大學/文學院/歷史學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00697

摘要

康熙二十三年（西元1684年），臺灣始被納入大清帝國的運作體系之中。這個偌大的帝國正要開始認識這處於東南沿海的小島，一個龐大的帝國機器正預備嵌合著這小小島嶼的齒輪啟動，並賦予它身為這帝國一份子所應有的節奏，但該如何「嵌合」？該如何恰如其份地讓此蕞爾小島熟悉這偌大運作體系的搏動？而大清帝國以「方志」來認識這素未謀面的島嶼，藉以掌控民情、鞏固政權，實屬必要且不失為一個良好的政策，不過方志在作為帝國之眼時，看似以一種客觀、嚴謹、系統的方式呈現，但所有的書寫也可能被帝國固有的價值觀所役使，各事物被擺置到特定的分類範疇，其所呈現的內涵亦可能是被執筆者所形塑之後的樣貌。換言之，當觀看者觀看之時，主觀的價值取向早已讓觀看者深陷於一套習慣與限制當中，所以筆者認為，這些主觀價值取向，早在「采風問俗」前便深植在清代臺灣方志編纂人員的心中，並在方志的制式規範架構中決定其敘述的軸線。本文將探討的重點置於清代臺灣方志的纂修人員及其纂修視域的形構，除整理清代臺灣各方志書寫的區域、成書年代、修纂人員的名單外，並論述清代臺灣方志的纂修人員如何紀錄臺灣，他們心中良善的風俗是什麼樣子，他們如何敘述他們眼中所見的事實，並使它們依照自己的價值取向與帝國既定的文化模式呈現。

關鍵字

清代臺灣 ； 方志 ； 纂修 ； 視域風俗

並列摘要

Taiwan was incorporated into the operation system of the Chinese Qing Empire in the Kangxi twenty third year (AD 1684). This giant empire was about to know the tiny island located in the southeast coast. A huge empire machine was ready to mesh its heavy wheels with the pinion of the small island, and activated the driven wheel by giving island the rhythms and tempos that empire’s memberships required. Question is, how to "chimera"? How to let the tiny island familiar with the rhythms of this giant and sophisticated operation system appropriately? Therefore, the Qing empire utilized Taiwan gazetteers (fangzhi方志) to understand this unfamiliar island which he had never met before, in order to control the people and consolidate its political power. That is not only necessary but would be a relatively considerate and wise policy. However, as the Taiwan gazetteers (fangzhi方志) acted as the eye of the empire, it was seemingly an objective, rigorous , and systematic narratives; moreover, it was also written and influenced under inherent values and ideology of the empire. All things are placed in a specific classification and category, and the connotation of narratives represented was also shaped by the process and how compilers had illustrated. In other words, when viewers were reading, the tendency of subject values has already confined the viewers deeply in a set of customs and limitation. Therefore, I believe that the selections and tendencies of the subjective values had been already rooted deeply in the Qing Dynasty Taiwan gazetteers writers and editors’ minds before their investigation on the customary field works(cǎi fēng wen su采風問俗). Also, they had decided the narrative structure and directions under the Qing Dynasty gazetteers(fangzhi方志) official normative framework. The thesis put emphasis on the Qing Dynasty Taiwan gazetteers writers and editors and the compiling visual field in Taiwan Gazetteers. In addition to organizing the areas, compiling years, and the name list of writers and editors, the paper will analyze how they documented Taiwan, how they illustrated good morals, and how they reported the facts from their observations and perspectives; then to present the gazetteers based on their own value tendency and exiting cultural framework that empire established.

並列關鍵字

Qing Dynasty Taiwan ； Taiwan gazetteers ； compiling ； visual field ； customs

參考文獻

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