美洲外交庇護之研究:以哥倫比亞與秘魯庇護案和美國與匈牙利庇護案為例

Diplomatic asylum of America:Case Studies of Colombia and Peru and Case Studies of United States and Hungary

梁郁琳(Yu-Lin Liang)

指導教授 ： 陳雅鴻

淡江大學/國際研究學院/拉丁美洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00715

摘要

國際法上的庇護議題多半是探討領域內庇護而非領域外庇護，因為領域外庇護牽涉的層面甚廣且備受爭議，目前國際法對於「領域外庇護」議題仍在討論當中，現階段是處於懸而未決的延宕狀態。

領域內庇護自古行之有年，是國際法承認的國家合法行為。相較於領域外庇護，之所以引發諸多爭議，除了涉及國際法的合法性問題之外，還有許多不為人知的利益糾葛。雖然該庇護目前尚未被國際法認可，但是拉丁美洲地區卻公開承認它並將其視為該區域的一種習慣。除此之外，還有其他國家的具體實踐，諸如美國，而該國又對外宣稱尊重國際法精神與宗旨。國家面對領域外庇護展現出如此的矛盾態度，足以證明領域外庇護具有讓國家無法放棄的吸引力，其所代表的意義更是超脫一國純粹行使的庇護行為，單純的法律條文已無法全面定義與規範之。

本論文的目的是以現實主義的角度探究領域外庇護的深層內涵，了解國際社會為何遲遲未下定論的真實原因，並佐以哥倫比亞與秘魯庇護案和美國與匈牙利庇護案作分析，在綜合理解諸多面向之後彙整出領域外庇護的未來發展方向。

關鍵字

領域內庇護 ； 領域外庇護 ； 國際法 ； 哥倫比亞與秘魯庇護案 ； 美國與匈牙利庇護案

並列摘要

The asylum issue of international law mostly discussed is territorial asylum not exterritorial asylum, because the latter involves complicated aspects and is still under disputes. Presently, international law referring to exterritorial asylum is still a circumstance hung in the balance.

Territorial asylum has been followed for years and was recognized as legal behavior by international law. In addition to its legitimacy in international law, diplomatic asylum has plenty of unknown interests involved and produces a lot of disputes. Nowadays, although it is not yet admitted by international law, Latin America recognizes it publicly and accounts it for a custom. Furthermore, in other countries, like United States, these specific practices do exist although United States always claims to respect the spirit and rule of international law. These conflicting attitudes in some countries are enough to prove that diplomatic asylum contains some attraction to those countries. Therefore, the meaning of diplomatic asylum exceeded the pure asylum action that a country realizes and it's not only a problem about the interpretation of the definition or the rules of international law.

The major proposition of this thesis is to analyze the deeper dimension of diplomatic asylum by the perspective of realism. To inquire the true reason why international society is tardily to conclude this issue, taking the Colombian-Peruvian Asylum Case as an example, and finally, to integrate as much as possible all the dimensions of this problem in order to describe the future development of diplomatic asylum.

並列關鍵字

Diplomatic Asylum ； Territorial Asylum ； International Law ； Latin America ； The Asylum Case of Colombia and Peru ； Victor Ra&uacute ； l Haya de la Torre

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