聚胺基甲酸酯/二氧化鈦抗紫外線奈米混成合材料之製備

Preparation of Polyurethane/Titania Nanocomposites for UV-Shielding Application

唐廉斌(Lien-Pin Tang)

指導教授 ： 張正良

淡江大學/工學院/化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00515

摘要

本研究利用溶膠-凝膠法製備聚胺基甲酸酯/二氧化鈦抗紫外線奈米混成材料，藉由添加鈦螯合物的方式改善一般抗紫外線薄膜吸收範圍狹窄、吸收效果不佳、高光催化能力及嚴重的光干擾等問題。為改善二氧化鈦的分散性與增加添加量，本研究合成側鏈具有OH官能基的聚胺基甲酸酯高分子，並加入偶合劑使其一端與聚胺基甲酸酯的OH官能基反應，另一端與螯合物反應，使得有機高分子與無機螯合物之間能形成化學鍵结，增加無機物的分散性與添加量。
本研究探討不同螯合劑對螯合物水解穩定度、紫外光吸收強度的影響，並以AcEA系統進行混成材料的製作。利用GPC及滴定方法測量聚胺基甲酸酯的分子量與OH價；FT-IR檢測螯合劑與鈦金屬配位過程中的官能基變化；SEM觀察混成材料微相結構，了解奈米級二氧化鈦顆粒的分佈情形；TGA了解材料的熱穩定性。另外，亦將材料進行UV-Visible與薄膜厚度折射率檢測儀等光學性質分析，了解材料的可見光透光性、折射率、阿貝數、抗紫外線強度等光學性質。
不同螯合系統的水解穩定度為TDiPA＞TAcAc＞TAcMC＞TAcEA＞TDEA＞TAA＞TA，紫外光吸收強度為TAcMC＞TAcEA＞TAcAc＞TAA＞TA＞TDiPA＞TDEA。由UV-Visible曲線得知以AcEA系統製作之混成材料具有大範圍、高強度紫外光吸收。無機添加量20wt%、膜厚5μm即可100%遮蔽紫外光且具有優良的透光性，可達95%以上；由SEM影像看出，偶合劑添加有助於有機與無機兩相間的相容性，使無機添加量能夠提升至50wt%。由薄膜厚度折射率檢測儀得知材料折射率為1.68與玻璃基材相差不大可有效降低鏡面反射光。

關鍵字

有機/無機混成材料 ； 紫外光遮蔽薄膜 ； 配位化合物 ； 二氧化鈦

並列摘要

In this investigation, sol-gel method was employed to synthesis the polyurethane/titania nanocomposites and the chelating agents were added to resolve the drawbacks of the UV-shielding film nowadays such as poor and limited range of UV absorption, photodegradation problem and light interference effect. PU with hydroxyl side chains was synthesized to incorporate the coupling agent in order to enhance the dispersion of titania in the polymer matrix.
The hydrolysis stability and ultraviolet absorption of the titania chelated with different chelating agent were investigated. The experimental results showed that the hydrolysis ability decreased in the order TDiPA > TAcAc > TAcMC > TAcEA > TDEA > TAA > TA and the UV-shielding ability decreased in the order TAcMC > TAcEA > TAcAc > TAA > TA > TDiPA > TDEA. The hybrid system with AcEA as chelating agent was chosen in further studies. GPC was employed in determining the average molecular weight of polyurethane synthesized. FT-IR was used to investigate the evolution of chemical bonds between chelating agent and titanium. The morphology of hybrid materials was observed by FESEM. The degradation temperature was measured by TGA. UV-visible and HMT optics reflectance-transmittance testing system were used to evaluate the transmittance, reflect index, Abbe number and UV-shielding ability of hybrid materials.
The AcEA chelated hybrid materials do perform high and broad UV absorption observed in the experimental results, the thicker the film the higher the UV-shielding performance. With the film thickness 5μm and titania 20 wt%, ultraviolet can be cut off perfectly and the transmittance of the visible light is over 95 %. By adding 5 wt% of coupling agent, 50 wt% of titania can be incorporated in the PU matrix designed. The light interference effect would be low because the maximum reflect index of the hybrid materials is 1.68 which is close to that of the glass substrate.

並列關鍵字

organic/inorganic hybrids ； UV-Shielding ； coordination compound ； titania

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