兩岸直航之研究–意涵與影響之探討

Research on cross-strait direct flights-The discussion of meaning and impact

鍾柏安(Po-An Chung)

指導教授 ： 潘錫堂

共同指導教授 ： 龔春生(Chun-Sheng Kung)

淡江大學/國際研究學院/中國大陸研究所碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.00824

摘要

1978年11月，中國共產黨召開十一屆三中全會，揭開了中國改革開放的序幕，大陸對台政策也開始出現重大調整。1979年元旦，全國人大常委會發表「告台灣同胞書」，提出希望雙方儘快實現通航通郵，自從1987年政府開放探親以來，兩岸民間交流快速成長；在探親、觀光、體育、科技、文化及經貿的往來，更是頻繁。在兩岸共同加入WTO之後，國內外經濟情勢快速轉變，加上經濟全球化時代的來臨，使兩岸經貿關係越來越密切，無論是為了因應經濟全球化的挑戰，抑或秉持資源分享、經濟共榮的區域經濟合作潮流趨勢，抑或基於內在政治經濟不同的需求，兩岸三通（尤其是直航）已成為當前兩岸關係互動中最受關切的議題。

兩岸目前分別由不同的政治體系所管轄，兩岸直航問題不是一個單純的經濟問題，其涉及到兩岸必須協商，在國內也會受到國會、媒體、利益團體與民眾的挑戰。同時包含政治、社會、文化、國家安全等問題，兩岸直航後對台灣在經濟、政治或是國家安全方面有何影響，政府是否能提出因應對策，是重點所在。

政策的形成注重的是嚴謹及周詳，唯有洞悉問題之所在，瞭解民眾之需求，才能獲得民眾的信賴與支持。本研究採取歷史研究途徑，根據文獻回顧的整理，從兩岸分裂談起，就直航議題之起源切入，回顧兩岸直航政策，剖析兩岸直航的優勢與劣勢，進而評估兩岸直航未來的發展，就過去兩岸無法直航的問題予以分析，使大家能充分了解兩岸直航對於台灣政治、經濟層面的影響，要如何在兩岸平等和平的前提下，就目前兩岸情勢擬定合理的直航方案，對於兩岸直航議題提出一套雙方都可接受的協議。

馬政府就任後，已在2008年7月4日完成兩岸首度週末客運包機直航，且陸續進行的三次江陳會談中，雙方也針對海運、空運直航增開航班航點及航路、開放機腹載貨、金融合作等議題簽署協議，並發表陸資來台投資之共同聲明，兩岸關係可謂邁入了新的里程碑。由於目前正值政策推動時期，仍有一些政策措施尚未落實推動或待兩岸協商修正，因此，如何有效加速擴大兩岸三通，帶動台灣經濟成長與就業，成為當前各方矚目之焦點，是故，本研究結果便就目前兩岸航運市場現況、與未來面臨的諸多挑戰，提出檢討與評析。也希望兩岸直航所帶來的不僅是經濟方面的利益，更代表的是兩岸以談判取代對立、以和解取代衝突，共謀和平與繁榮。

關鍵字

兩岸關係 ； 三通 ； 兩岸直航 ； 包機

並列摘要

In November 1978, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenary Session, Opened a prelude to China's reform and opening up the mainland's Taiwan policy have also begun a major adjustment. New Year's Day in 1979, the NPC Standing Committee issued a "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan", the hope that the two sides as soon as possible postal shipping, since the Government opened up in 1987 to visit relatives since the rapid growth of cross-strait exchanges. In visiting relatives, sightseeing, sports, science and technology, culture and economic and trade exchanges, but also frequent. The two sides joined in the WTO, a fast-changing economic situation at home and abroad, coupled with the advent of the era of economic globalization, so that cross-strait economic and trade relations are getting closer and closer, whether it is to cope with the challenges of economic globalization, or uphold the resource-sharing, economic co-prosperity The trend of regional economic cooperation, or based on internal political and economic needs of different cross-strait links (especially direct) current cross-strait relations has become the most interactive topic of concern.

At present, the two sides were different under the jurisdiction of the political system, direct cross-strait issue is not a simple economic problem must be related to cross-strait consultations, the Congress will be at home, the media, interest groups and the public challenges. At the same time contains the political, social, cultural, and national security issues, after the cross-strait direct flights to Taiwan in economic, political or national security, the impact of whether the Government can put forward countermeasures, will be the highlight.

The formation of policies that focus on rigorous and comprehensive, the only familiar with the problem, understand the needs of people in order to obtain people's trust and support. Historical research of this study means to take, in accordance with the collation of literature review, from the two sides talked about split on the question of the origin of direct flights into the review of cross-strait direct shipping policies, analysis of cross-strait direct flights strengths and weaknesses, and assess the future development of cross-strait direct flights , in the past the issue of direct cross-strait can not be analyzed so that we can fully understand the cross-strait direct flights to Taiwan's political and economic dimensions of the impact of how cross-strait peace under the premise of equality, on the current situation of cross-strait direct flights to develop a reasonable program For a set of cross-strait direct flights and that an agreement acceptable to both parties.

Ma took office the Government has in the July 4, 2008 for the first time the completion of cross-strait passenger charter flights on weekends, and one after another of the three-Jiang Chen talks, the two sides also for sea and air transport, an additional direct flight destinations and routes, open belly cargo, issues such as financial co-operation agreement was signed and delivered to Taiwan to invest in land and capital of the joint statement, can be described as cross-strait relations has entered a new milestone. Positive policies to promote the current period, there has not yet been implemented a number of policy measures to promote cross-strait consultations, or to be amended, Therefore, how to effectively speed up the expansion of cross-strait links, promote Taiwan's economic growth and employment, has become the attention of the parties to focus, reflect the diversity, the research findings from the current status of cross-strait shipping market with the many challenges facing the future, the review and analysis . Also hope that cross-strait direct flights not only brought about by economic interests, but also represents the confrontation between the two sides to negotiations to replace to replace the post-conflict reconciliation, seek peace and prosperity.

並列關鍵字

cross-strait relations ； three links ； cross-strait direct flights ； charter flights

參考文獻

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