- 學位論文
活躍老化:高齡者老化經驗與其積極參與之研究
Active aging: A Study of Aging Experiences and Vital Involvement in Older Adults
摘要
本研究旨在探討高齡者老化經驗與其晚年積極參與間的形塑關係，為了跳脫過往社會對老年疾病、問題導向的分析理解，本研究是以正向老化為出發點，藉由世界衛生組織所提倡活躍老化（active aging）概念，聚焦老年更具積極意涵的社會參與層面，在生命歷程（life course）觀點下，了解高齡者如何詮釋自我老化經驗，探索積極參與和過往生命經驗的連結，並進一步了解參與經驗帶給老年生命的省思與個人意義。本研究以Baltes與Baltes的「最適補償模式」為理論依據，透過質性敘事的分析架構，採深度訪談方式蒐集居住北部地區共11位65歲以上之積極參與高齡者的受訪資料，進行逐字稿謄寫及類別主題歸納。 根據研究目的，本研究分析結果主要整理如下：（一）這群高齡者早年成長記憶主要反映戰亂、窮苦的歷史背景等生命經驗，而個人所經歷的重大生命事件會持續影響階段歷程的發展與適應。（二）本研究高齡者強調自身對老的界定與感知，他們對現有生活的滿意與老化自我覺知，主要由生理、心理、社會的表現及其對老化的主觀詮釋所組成，而處初老、中老及老老等不同老年階段的高齡者，則顯現對老態度的差異。（三）本研究發現強化高齡者晚年積極參與的動力來源有二：其一為高齡者對老所抱持的活動信念、展現的個人特質等個體獨有的面向，其二為每個個體皆會經歷隨年齡、角色等階段歷程的演變，所逐漸帶出的參與面貌。（四）這群高齡者不僅自主選擇生活方式，並透過自我正向心理調適和個人行為改變的過程，因應老化和參與歷程的變動，協助達到老年最適化的平衡。（五）這群高齡者從人生經驗的回顧中，為老年自我帶出積極的統整意涵，並且重構個人對活躍的新意義。根據上述結果，本研究最後針對高齡者、政府單位及後續研究提出具體建議供參考。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study was to discuss seniors’ aging experiences and look for dynamic linking between their life course and vital involvement in old age. In order to break down the problem-orientation and pathological approach of elderly, this study have focused on the “active aging” of social participation to realize older adults how to promote themselves getting active, their subjective experiences of aging and find the unique meanings from vital involvement and reflecting back on life. A qualitative design has based on Baltes & Baltes’ “selection, optimization, compensation” model. In this study, 11 participants who lived in northern Taiwan and over 65 years in this study by in-depth interview was employed. The interview records were transcribed for analysis of narratives. The results of this study are as follows：（1）The early memories of the seniors showed the lived experience of the history of the war and poverty that affected deeply to this group of seniors, and the major life events also continually, influence their course of development and adaptation phases.（2）These older adults emphasized their own definition and perception of aging. They are satisfied their life and sense of aging self-perceptions are mainly from physical, mental, and social present and their points of view toward aging. In addition, aging can be divided into three stages like young old, the middle old, and the old old and seniors have shown different attitudes in these three stages.（3）This research shows that there are two power resources which make those seniors to have a positive attitude in participating in their later life: one is the unique parts of a person such as staying active, showing their personal qualities; another is the experiences that every individual would experience: being able to adopt the changes in their lives, which bring the features of their participation.（4）These older adults not only choose lifestyle themselves but also cope with changes in the course of aging and participation though the process of positive psychological adjustment and changing self behaviors, it help them to attain an optimal aging balance.（5）From the review of seniors’ past life experience, it indicates that their ego integrity has been completed, and they have reframed the meaning of active aging for themselves. Therefore, some concrete suggestions are proposed based on the above conclusions as a reference for seniors, government and future researches.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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