「漢學」(Sinology)一詞主要是指外國人對於中國歷史文化等人 文社會科學的研究。明末清初,大舉入華的耶穌會士,奠定了歐洲 漢學的根基。自十七世紀末以來,法國遠較其他西歐國家,擁有更 多的學者投入中國文化綜合的、概括的探討,十八世紀到二十世紀 上半葉,巴黎一直是歐洲漢學的重鎮,占據領先地位。 本論文主要內容共分四個部份:第一部份概述法國漢學史,介紹漢學的起源、型態,將法國漢學略分成傳述、研究及社會學學科化三個時期。1814年12月11日法蘭西學院成立西方第一個漢學講座,隨後1843年,國立東方現代語言學校又設置漢語課程,法國的漢學研究及其學術地位傲視全歐,獨領風騷。 第二部份,界定「當代的法國漢學」範圍,說明其學術特徵及成就;第三、第四再依序論述以歐洲漢學巨擘──沙畹為首的巴黎正統漢學,其傑出門徒:法國漢學泰斗伯希和、他的語文天才,不可一世;馬伯樂研究中國社會經濟史,另闢蹊徑;葛蘭言之社會學研究,獨樹一格;戴密微更承先啟後,成就20世紀上半葉法國漢學的空前盛況。 漢學是西方國家,運用新學科的理論方法整理我國固有文化,我們可以吸取西方漢學的研究成果,在中華文化的學術領域裏,創造新觀點。
The word“Sinology”mainly means studies of Chinese culture and History to foreigners. During the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Chin Dynasty, lots of Christian missionaries established the foundation of Sinology. Since the end of 17 Century, France devoted itself much more than the other European countries on Chinese study synthetically. Before the middle of 20 Century, Paris is the core of European Sinology. There are four major parts in this thesis:First is the introduction of French Sinology, including its origins and types , whose developing history was divided into three periods:broadcasting, researching and sociologizing.“ Collège de France ”established the first Chair of Sinology on Dec.11,1814. In 1843,“ Ecole National des Langues Orientales Vivantes ”arranged the course of Chinese language. French Sinology study has the leading position in Europe. The scope of contemporary Sinology of French is defined in second part. Regarding the third and fourth part, the outstanding french sinologists were reviewed as follows:Edouard Chavannes, Paul Pelliot, Henri Maspero Marcel Granet, Paul demiéville. Western countries study Chinese culture with scientific methods; from their study, we could find out a new view point in this field.
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