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  • 學位論文

中國纂圖本草古籍發展之研究

A Study in the Development of Chinese Illustrated Ancient Pen-ts'ao

指導教授 : 吳哲夫

摘要


中國本草之學,歷二千年之嬗遞傳承,自成一貫體系,為東方藥學之主流。本論文之撰述,主要依據歷史文獻資料作為研究進路,以首部由官方主持,醫藥學家集體編纂本草之唐代官修本草《新修本草》為起點,終至清朝《植物名實圖考》,就直接資料的各纂圖本草古籍序文,與間接資料如諸家評論、相關論著等,按發展時序分別歸納、整理、分析,以對歷代纂圖本草古籍進行研究。並觀察且交叉比對各本藥圖之同質性與相異性,以及其中創新與傳承之關係,探討各本藥圖之學術價值,期對中國古代纂圖本草重要經典作系統性解析,以獲得較具體、有系統之評述。以下茲將本論文作提剛契領的說明: 論文第一部分,藉由古代字書辭典,考究本草之定義與範圍,以揭示本文之研究主題。論文第二部分,以歷史背景為主軸,概略說明本草典籍之產生、發展、運用、繼承情形;並概述與本草關係密切之中國植物學古籍,繼而闡述本草之功用與本草圖籍之重要性。 論文第三部分,探討中國千餘年來23部重要纂圖本草古籍之演進,就史料、文獻等資料記載中,按歷史時序,分析探討各本草古籍所依附之政府推動、社會風氣、使用者需求等外部因素,全面性了解與掌握該等外部因素,以觀察其成書背景、發展源流、刊印內容等,並說明各本藥圖之因襲承傳與明發革新,整理出23部纂圖本草古籍之重點特色與學術意義,定位其在本草史上之意義,俾便對諸本草圖籍之發展脈絡有一通盤性了解。 論文第四部分,以中國本草古籍各類型藥圖之學術意義進行研究,主要分析唐朝與五代本草藥圖之特色、宋代及其以後本草藥圖之版畫藝術,與宋明兩代之設色本草藥圖等3面向,探討歷代藥圖之科學屬性與畫工繪師之藥學知識關係,期使能客觀分析各本草圖像之科學性、藝術性與學術價值。 又由於版刻墨線藥圖較能隨本草文本廣泛流傳,對本草學發展起了真正推動作用,因此論文第五部分,試舉中國纂圖本草古籍中「百合藥」與「萍藥」之藥文與版刻墨線藥圖為例,除探求藥圖之科學觀與美術觀外,亦試圖詮釋藥文與藥圖之間,不同層次之疏密關係。並藉由藥文與藥圖間之互動關係,解析纂圖本草古籍之類型,以了解本草圖籍編撰者、執政者與傳播者各自所欲傳達之目的。

並列摘要


Studying of the Chinese materia medica has undergone through two millenniums of evolving and heritage generation by generation and becomes the consistent system in place of Oriental. The pose of this paper, mainly based on history literature research as mainstream, using the first official published and written by scientists in Tang Dynasty called official revised “Hsin-hsiu pen-ts'ao” as a beginning to “Chin-wu ming-shih tu-kao” in the Mandarin Dynasty, both direct information from the ancient compilation chart herbal medicine and indirect information such as reviews of various specialists or related treatises, etc., were filed, reorganized, analyzed according to timeline of the development, in order to do the ancient herbal medicine research. Hence the study observed and cross-comparison each chart of all the drugs and the relative homogeneity in which the relationship between innovation and the inheritance to explore the academic value of this drug, the study would systematic analyzed and make reviews on these classic ancient Chinese herbal medicine. Hereby the following is summary of this study: The first part of the paper is to define and scope Chinese herbal medicine from ancient Chinese medicine dictionary. The second part of the paper overviewed the development, utilization and inheritance on ancient Chinese medicine, also subsequently elaborates function of herbals from Chinese botany ancient book and explains the importance of Chinese medicine chart. The third part of the paper is comprehensive understanding on the development of twenty three most important ancient Chinese herbal medicine for past thousand years, comprehensive understanding and grasp these historical literature and data correlated to official promotion, the social convention, the user demand and other exterior factors from different timeline, in order to observe the background of each book, the development of the origins, and published content, and explained tradition heritage, innovation, key characteristics, academic significance, and positioning its meaning in the history of these twenty-three ancient herbal medicine books. The fourth part of the paper is continually research all types of ancient Chinese herbal medicine in three time phases, the analysis of the characteristics of the herbs chart in the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, the fine xylography or woodcut print of herbal medicine chart from Song and other Dynasty, and the characteristics of the herbs chart in both the Song and Ming Dynasty, hence to explore the science of attribute and pharmacological knowledge of all dynasties medicine chart artists, and hence able to analyze the phase image of herbal medicine scientific, artistic and academic value. Because the xylography or woodcut print was popularly in used in herbal medicine chart, which helped on Chinese medicine study development. Therefore the fifth part of paper took the medicine articles and the engraving ink line drug chart of “lily drug” or “duckweed medicine” from Chinese ancient compilation chart herbal medicine book as examples to exploring the scientific view of medicine and art view in regards the interaction relations between chart figures and text description in depth level, furthermore analyzed different types of ancient Pen-ts'ao charts in order to understand goal of the transmission of compliers, governors and disseminators.

參考文獻


73. 張碧員、張蕙芬,《台灣野花365天》(臺北:大樹文化事業股份有限公司,2002)。
63. 李建民,《死生之域─周秦漢脈學之源流》(臺北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,2001)。
參考書目
一、古籍(依朝代先後列)
1. 《山海經》,見《四部叢刊初編》(上海:商務印書館,1936)。

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