美國無人機發展之研究－以武裝攻擊型機（UCAV）為例（2000-2015年）

Research on the Development of UAV in USA - Taking Military Attacking Machine (UCAV) as an Example (2000-2015)

朱正傑(Cheng-Jie Chu)

指導教授 ： 王高成

淡江大學/國際研究學院/國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2017.00830

摘要

無人機（或稱為無人飛行載具）在民間應用的層面越來越廣闊，舉凡偵照、測量、監控、搜索、運輸等項的任務都有其運用的跡影，在國土安全作業的架構下有很大的運用空間，可執行諸如海洋偵巡、偏遠地區偵巡、兵要調查、救難搜索、治安維護、天氣觀測、特種偵搜等，另外，無人機災害防救領域中扮演愈趨重要與關鍵角色。

綜觀無人機自二次世界大戰以來幾場大型戰爭開始使用，因隱匿性高、滯空長、操作簡易、攜行容易、機動性高、不受地形限制、提供即時影像、發射回收作業與全天候等特性，可長時間值勤，並且各國為增加作戰效能及降低成本，也發展出維修簡單、單價低廉、多用途，具有自動飛行控制、即時影像及資訊傳輸等先進功能的旋翼及定翼等各型式無人飛行載具。

本文檢視美軍依不同時空背景無人機發展目標及能力，運用官方公開文件、書籍、期刊、報紙、網路等資料，藉整理、歸納、比較等方式，以掌握美軍以無人機運用於軍事之演變、美國軍用UCAV之發展路徑圖等面向，最後論證UCAV之特點與未來趨勢與我國的相應發展，期望能建構出以目前系統為基礎改良之建議。

關鍵字

無人機 ； 無人戰機 ； 武裝攻擊機

並列摘要

UCA(or UAV) In the level of civil applications more and more widely, ex: detective,measuring,Monitoring, searching and transportation, the task has its use of the trace, There is a lot of room for the use of homeland security operations can perform such as marine detective,remote area investigation tour,soldiers to investigate, rescue search,security maintenance,weather observation and special detection, In addition UCA is disaster prevention in the field play an increasingly important and key role.
UAV since the Second World War since the beginning of several large wars Due to the high concealment, long stagnation, easy operation, easy to carry, high mobility,no terrain restrictions, to provide real-time images,launch operations and all-weather and other characteristics, can be a long time on duty, and countries to increase operational effectiveness and reduce costs, also developed a simple maintenance, also developed a simple maintenance, low cost, multi-purpose, with automatic flight control, instant video and information transmission and other advanced features of the rotor and the wing and other types of unmanned flight vehicles.
This article examines the development of US military according to different time and space background UAV development goals and capabilities, the use of official public documents, books, periodicals, newspapers, Internet and other information, by finishing, induction, in order to master the US military to unmanned aerial vehicles used in the evolution of the military, the US military UCAV development path map and so on, and finally demonstrate the characteristics of UCAV and future trends and the corresponding development of China, hoping to build the current system based on the improvement of the proposal.

並列關鍵字

UCA ； UCAV ； Armed attack aircraft

參考文獻

袁更生，中共空軍現代化發展-以無人飛行載具為例，淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所研士論文，民101年6月。

U.S. Department of Defense, “Quadrennial Defense Review Report,2006,” U.S. Department of Defense, 2006,.

U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Roadmap 2000-2025, 2001.

U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Roadmap 2002-2027, 2002.

U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap 2005-2030, 2005.