臺灣非典型受僱者薪資差異與就業動向之探討

A Study of the Nonstandard Worker's Wage Difference and Job Trend in Taiwan

林文興(Wen-Hsing Lin)

指導教授 ： 蕭怡靖

淡江大學/商管學院/公共行政學系公共政策碩士在職專班/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2017.00862

摘要

市場全球化促使非典型僱用型態襲捲世界各國，臺灣本身因產業結構丕變，又面對國外競爭者的多方挑戰，廠商開始跟進釋出非典型工作，造成包括部分工時、臨時工、定期契約及人力派遣等人口攀升，致使國人薪資結構備受衝擊。本研究藉由2015年「人力運用調查」之資料庫，應用「卡方檢定」、「獨立樣本T檢定」及「單因子變異數分析」的統計方法，檢視人口特徵、人力資本、職場規模與場域面向在非典型與典型受僱者的表徵與薪資分布情況，進而瞭解其所從事的行業及職業類別傾向。
礙於人力調查對於非典型工作者只區分「部分工時」及「臨時性或人力派遣」兩類，且外在環境波動因素並未列入，故本研究僅針對就業者的個人屬性進行探討。經實證分析發現：一、投入非典型工作的情況，可自由選擇工作時間及季節性因素取代過往照料家庭與兼顧學業的情形，且男性多於女性則是另一迥異於以往的發現。二、教育程度為研究所的非典型受僱者薪資勝過所有就業者，另一顛覆眾人印象的發現，莫過65歲以上非典型受僱者薪資居所有就業者之冠。此外，處在不利工作型態中的部分工時者，薪資不但高於同屬非典型之臨時性或人力派遣，亦高於典型全職就業者。而勞動彈性化的出現把就業者的工作條件性質推向M型化，形成雙元勞動市場。三、服務業是非典型受僱者聚集人數最多的行業；無需相關工作經驗與知識背景的服務性工作，以及低技術性的生產操作業務，成為非典型人力選擇職業的首要考量。

關鍵字

非典型受僱者 ； 薪資差異 ； 就業動向 ； 雙元勞動市場

並列摘要

Market globalization has caused nonstandard employment to become common around the world. Faced with structural change in the industries and competition from overseas, Taiwanese companies has followed suit in increasing nonstandard work openings, which has led to a growing portion of the workforce employed as part-time, temporary, regular-contract, and dispatched-labor workers. Therefore, the wage structure of the Taiwanese people has suffered its impact. This study is based on the data from the 2015 “Report on the Manpower Utilization Survey,” using analytical methods of chi-squared test, independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance to examine demographic characteristics, human capital, and workplace size and arena as represented by standard and nonstandard workers and as distributed by wage. The purpose is to gain insight into the trends that emerge in the workforce among different industries and occupations.
Because the “Manpower Utilization Survey” only categorized nonstandard workers into “part-time” and “temporary or dispatched-labor” workers, without considering fluctuating environmental factors, this study only discusses the personal attributes of workers. Empirical analysis revealed the following: 1. In the nonstandard employment scenario, choice of working hours and seasonal factors replaced the need to care for family and schoolwork that were prominent in the past. Males overtaking females in number was another finding that differed from the past. 2. Nonstandard workers with graduate-school education have the highest wage among all workers. Another unexpected finding was that nonstandard workers aged 65 years or older earn the most among all workers. In addition, part-time workers, who are in unfavorable work styles, make more than temporary workers and dispatched labor - also parts of nonstandard employment - as well as standard full-time workers. The emergence of labor flexibilization has led to an M-shaped distribution of work condition attributes in a dual labor market. 3. The service industry employs the most nonstandard workers. Service-oriented works that do not require relevant experience or background, with low-skill operation, have become first choices for the nonstandard workforce.

並列關鍵字

Nonstandard Workers ； Wage Difference ； Job Trend ； Dual Labor Market

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