馬來西亞之印尼籍基礎勞工運用

Labour utilization of Indonesian workers in Malaysia

賴可欣(Ko-Hsin Lai)

指導教授 ： 蔡青龍

淡江大學/國際研究學院/東南亞研究所碩士班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00930

摘要

1980年代以來，馬來西亞經濟發展需求與國民就業取向改變之下，馬來西亞西亞大量啟用印尼籍勞工補充基礎勞工就業缺口，馬來西亞政府針對外籍勞工提出多項政策，針對非法勞工管理的部分更是對印尼籍基礎勞工提出多項數量管制的策略，研究將探討馬來西亞的外籍勞工政策對印尼籍勞工運用上的影響，馬來西亞企圖透過有計畫性的策略減少合法與非法印尼籍勞工的人數，合法勞工管理的策略包括馬來西亞與印尼的雙邊協商、停發工作許可證以及增加外籍勞工的年稅，非法勞工的策略包括取締非法偷渡、特赦非法勞工以及加強非法雇用與偷渡的查緝，1997年金融風暴帶來經濟的衰退，連帶改變馬來西亞政府處理非法勞工問題的態度。研究發現：一、嚴厲的法規雖然成功嚇阻印尼籍非法勞工返回印尼，無法斷絕印尼籍勞工非法偷渡的現象，為了工作機會，失業的印尼籍勞工願意冒險。二、合法移民勞工的課稅為馬來西亞政府帶來可觀收入，自經濟不景氣時馬來西亞政府更重視外籍勞工合法化的落實。三、經濟景氣時，因為價格低廉，馬來西亞對印尼籍非法勞工的管制相對寬鬆。四、馬來西亞政府難以斷絕對印尼籍基礎勞工的運用，因為非技術與低技術產業需要印尼籍基礎勞工的低廉勞動力。

關鍵字

馬來西亞 ； 印尼勞工 ； 移民政策與管理

並列摘要

Since the 1980s Malaysia has adopted several policies to manage foreign workers, particularly on those irregular workers from Indonesia. The objective of this paper is to explore the effects to laborer's utilization of Indonesian workers under Malaysia's foreign labor policy. The major instruments used to control and regulate the inflows of migrant workers include bilateral agreements with Indonesia, ban on the Indonesia’s work permits, and impose the annual levy on foreign workers. The policies to eliminate irregular migration include ban on the intake of foreign workers and amnesty to undocumented workers and enhance surveillance on irregular entry and employment. The 1997 financial crisis precipitated a steep recession in 1998, altered the state response towards irregular Indonesia migration. The research findings are the followings：(1)Stringent regulations, though successful deterrence of illegal Indonesian workers returned to Indonesia, but failed to stop the illegal smuggling of Indonesian workers, because in order to work, unemployed Indonesian workers willing to take risks.(2)As the legal migrant workers bring considerable tax revenue to the Government of Malaysia, it has since the economic downturn put greater emphasis on the implementation of legalization for foreign workers.(3)Because Indonesian labor is cheaper than Malaysian, Malaysia is relatively more relaxed on the control over the illegal labor.(4)It was difficult for the Government of Malaysia to refuse Indonesian workers, due to fact that non-skilled and low-tech industries in Malaysia need Indonesian workers for cheap labor.

並列關鍵字

Malaysia ； Indonesian Workers ； Migration Policy and Management

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