學童與高齡者行走安全教案之研究

「路段中穿越道路」為學童行走主要的事故類型，由道路交通事故資料發現，學童行走事故之不安全用路行為包含：1)附近有斑馬線但沒有走斑馬線、2)穿越道路前未注意左右來車以及3)穿越道路時奔跑。本研究根據上述發現設計一個學童在路段中穿越道路之交通安全教育教案，希冀學童能「發現」以上三種行為是不安全用路行為，並「了解」危險行為的原因，進而「知道」如何安全的從路段中穿越道路。本研究並設計教師教學手冊，讓國小老師了解本教案，並可自行教導本課程。依據正式教學之問卷分析結果發現，學習本課程後，學童對於各項交通安全知識之答對率及認知成績皆能有效提升，交通安全知識成績由71.0分提升至93.6分。高齡行人主要事故類型為「橫越道路」和「同向行走於一般車道」，本研究原以「橫越道路」為教案主題，並以影片為教學輔助工具，但此教學成效不佳，原因歸納為以下兩點：1)教導內容較多；2) 高齡者對「影片」教學可能較不易了解交通安全教育的內容。本研究改以「同向行走於一般車道」為教學主題，另行設計高齡行人教案，以實際外出行走和圖卡做為教學輔助工具。由於臺灣於非都會區人行道設施並不普遍，本課程希望高齡者「知道」有人行道或無人行道時如何行走較安全，並「了解」於路段行走時靠左走較靠右走安全，進而「知道」安行走的方式。依據正式教學之問卷分析結果發現，學習本課程後，高齡者對於各項交通安全知識之答對率及認知成績皆能有效提升，交通安全知識成績由58.1分提升至96.8分。

關鍵字

學童；高齡者；行走安全；交通安全教育

並列摘要

“Crossing roads on road sections” is schoolchildren’s major accident in walking, and it was discovered from the road traffic accident data that their unsafe road using behaviors in walking included that they: 1) didn’t walk on zebra crossings although they were nearby, 2) didn’t pay attention to cars coming from both sides before crossing roads, 3) ran when crossing roads. This study designed a teaching plan of traffic safety education of crossing roads on road sections based on the above finding and hoped that they can “discover” that the above three behaviors are unsafe road using ones and “understand” the reasons why they are dangerous and further “know” how to cross roads from road sections safely. Besides, this study designed teachers’ teaching handbook allowing elementary school teachers to understand this teaching plan and they can teach this course by their own. The results from the questionnaire analysis of official teaching showed that schoolchildren’s passing rate and cognitive performance of traffic safety knowledge improved effectively and their grade of traffic safety knowledge had increased from 71.0 to 93.6 after learning this course. The major accident of senior pedestrians is “crossing road sections” and “walking on general lanes in the direction the same with cars”, and originally this study used “crossing road sections” as the theme of the teaching plan and videos as teaching adds; however, the teaching performance was not effective, and the reasons included that 1) there were plenty of contents in the course; 2) it wasn’t easy for seniors to understand the contents of traffic safety education. Therefore, this study changed the theme to “walking on general lanes in the direction the same with cars”, designed a teaching plan for senior pedestrians additionally and used walking practice and picture cards as teaching aids. The sidewalks facilities are not common in non-metropolitan areas in Taiwan, and the researcher hoped that seniors could “know” how to walk safely with or without sidewalks and “understand” that it was safer to walk on the left side than the right side on roads in walking and further “know” the way to walk safely. The results from the questionnaire analysis of official teaching showed that their passing rate and cognitive performance of traffic safety knowledge improved effectively and their grade of traffic safety knowledge had increased from 58.1 to 96.8 after learning this course.

並列關鍵字

Schoolchildren ； Senior ； Walking Safety ； Traffic Safety Education

參考文獻

陳菀蕙，徐淵靜，呂寶靜，高桂娟(民98)，「高齡者旅運特性與就醫需求回應運輸系統需求分析」，運輸學刊，第21卷，第3期，頁329-354。

Abbas, K.A., Mabrouk, I., and El-Araby, K.A. (1996), “ School children as pedestrians in Cairo: Proxies for improving road safety.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, July/ August, pp.291-299.

陳子儀(民90)，「兒童交通傷害與安全教育之探討」，中華民國交通安全教育學會-成立十五週年紀念年刊，頁42-46。