日本國憲法象徵天皇制之研究

The study of Symbol Emperor System of Japanese Constitution

蘇勇禎(Yung-Chen Su)

指導教授 ： 胡慶山

淡江大學/國際研究學院/亞洲研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00997

摘要

日本天皇制擁有悠久歷史，具有政治性及文化性制度。日本天皇制極具研究價值。
1945年日本戰敗，不僅國家，天皇制也面臨歷史性轉戾點。
明治時代中期，神道視天皇為最高祭司，成為國家宗教，天皇被視為現人神。天皇被神格化。
1946年1月1日，昭和天皇發表「人間宣言」，否定其神格性。天皇從「神的天皇」轉變為「國民的天皇」。
明治憲法下，天皇擁有國家之主權。然而，以國民主權為前提之日本國憲法重新規定天皇未具有關「國政之權能」。天皇僅執行憲法所定之國事行為。天皇僅有儀式性、形式性、象徵性機能。
本論文基於日本國憲法，說明象徵天皇制之意義、地位。繼而討論國事行為；公性質行為；皇室典範之皇位継承、皇族、摂政、皇室経済制度等等論議。
日本國憲法保障宗教自由，採取嚴格地政教分離。本論文也論及大嘗祭違憲之議題。
象徴天皇制度之安定是日本國之基本事項。因此，僅可能及早建構可長可久之制度，以穩定象徴天皇制是目前日本無法避免之重要課題。及早實施修改日本國憲法中之有關象徴天皇制度之規定有其必要性。

關鍵字

象徴天皇 ； 國事行為 ； 公性質行為 ； 政教分離 ； 大嘗祭 ； 皇室典範

並列摘要

The Japanese monarchy has a long history that has both as a politic and a culture institution。Japanese monarchy is an assignment deserving of study。
Japan’s defeat in 1945 represented a critical turning point not only in the history of the nation but also in the history of the monarchy。
During the mid-term of the Meiji era，Sinto was reorganized into a state religion with the emperor as its high priest，The emperor was said to be a deity in human（arahitogami）。Emperor became deified。
On 1 January 1946，Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) issued an 「Declaration of Humanity」（Nigen Sengen）in which the emperor denied his divinity。The Emperor became「the people’s emperor」instead of 「the Kami’s emperor」。
The Emperor of the Meiji Constitution enjoyed state sovereignty，the Japanese Constitution is premised on popular sovereignty，redefined the emperor as a symbol without having any “ power related to government”。The Emperor shall perform only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in the Japanese Constitution。The Emperor only has ceremonial、formally、symbolic functions.
Based on the Japanese Constitution，this thesis explain the significance and the position of the Emperor as symbol of the state。In addition，this thesis discusses the Emperor’s acts in matters of state as prescribed in the Constitution； public acts；the Imperial Throne Inheritance，Imperial Family，Regency，the System of the Imperial House Economy in the Imperial Household Law。 　
The Japanese Constitution guarantees religious freedom，it strictly maintains the separation of church and state。This thesis discusses the unconstitutional issue of Daijousai（Great Food Offering）。
The stability of the Emperor as symbol of the state is an issue that affects the country’s very　foundations。The prompt establishment of a system that will ensure the stability of the Emperor as symbol of the state into the future is therefore a crucial task that Japan cannot avoid。To revise the Emperor as symbol of the state in the Constitution needs to be implemented sooner。

並列關鍵字

Emperor as symbol of the state ； acts in matters of state ； public acts ； the separation of church and state ； Daijousai（Great Food Offering） ； Imperial Household Law

參考文獻

參考文獻

A、中文圖書單行本參考文獻

1. 林明德（1996）《日本近代史》，台北：三民書局。

2. 林明德‧陳慈玉‧許慶雄 （1992）《日本歷史與文化》，初版，台北：國立空中大學。

3. 林金莖 陳水亮（1993）《日本國憲法論》，台北：中日關係研究發展基金會。