員工之組織權威主義認知與基層主管馬基維利人格對其信任影響之研究－以服務型領導為中介變項

The Effect of Organizational Authoritarianism and First Line Managers’Machiavelli Personality Traits on Employees’Trust － Using Service Leadership as a Mediator.

楊添財(Tian-Tsair Yang)

指導教授 ： 洪英正

淡江大學/管理學院/企業管理學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.01095

摘要

基層主管與部屬的人格特質或背景、工作性質不同，這些因素都會直接或間接地影響基層主管與部屬之間的關係。許多的心理學者與管理學者都使用人格特質來預測個體行為的表現(Wiggins,1996)，管理者也願意藉由了解員工人格特質，預測員工的工作表現，以發掘優越的員工。
基層主管可能為了執行企業政策，達成組織目標，做出超出部屬認為合理要求的決定，部屬基於個人權利或其它因素，而可能產生某種排斥心理。基層主管與部屬之間建立及維持密切配合的關係，並不是件容易的事，適切的領導模式可以改善這兩者之間的關係。服務型領導是以服務為優先，它開始於一個人想要服務的自然情感，然後領導者有意識地想要去領導，使被服務者能變得更健康、更有智慧、更自由、更自主（Greenleaf,1977）。
本研究之主要目的在研究員工之組織權威主義認知與基層主管馬基維利人格對其信任的影響，採取量化之問卷調查方法，針對台灣北部某工業園區製造業廠商員工，以便利抽樣方式進行，共計回收有效樣本共275 份，研究結果顯示：

1.員工組織權威主義認知、基層主管馬基維利人格特質對服務型領導有顯著影響。
2.基層主管服務型領導對信任有顯著影響。
3.員工組織權威主義認知、基層主管馬基維利人格特質對信任之影響，會因為服務型領導的不同而有不同。
4.人口統計變項之不同，在組織權威主義、馬基維利人格特質、服務型領
導及信任上會有部份顯著差異。

透過研究實證結果，對以下提出建議：
1.強化組織權威主義認知，對服務型領導是有正向助益。
2.主管在領導上應避免給予部屬馬基維利人格特質的導向。
3.基層主管可落實服務型領導的觀念與技巧。
4.服務型領導對員工績效有重要的影響力，在領導者的特質與員工認知對員工之信任的影響，有部分中介效果，可見一個領導者最重要的不在於他是否是馬基維利人格特質，領導者或員工對組織權威主義的態度是什麼，最重要的是否表現出服務型領導。

關鍵字

組織權威主義 ； 馬基維利人格特質 ； 服務型領導 ； 信任

並列摘要

The personality, background and the nature of work are different between the first line manager and his subordinate. These factors directly or indirectly affect the relationship between the first line manager and his subordinates. Many psychologists and management scholars are using personality traits to predict the performance of individual behavior (Wiggins, 1996), and managers are also willing to find excellent employees by understanding employees’ personality traits to predict their performance.

To implement corporate policies and achieve organizational goals, the first line manager may make the decision that goes beyond the expectation of his subordinates for reasonable requests. Subordinates may produce a reject mindset based on personal rights or other factors. The first line manager and subordinates to establish and maintain close coordination relationship are not easy. Appropriate leadership model can improve the relationship between both of them. For service leadership, service is the priority. It begins in a person who wants to serve in the natural emotions, and then the leader consciously brings the employees to results in healthier and smarter, more free, more independence states(Greenleaf, 1977).

The main purpose of this study focuses on the effect of organizational authoritarianism and Machiavellian personality traits of first line managers on employees’ trust.By quantitative survey methods with submitting questionnaire to a manufacturing factory staff in an industrial park in northern Taiwan, this research facilitates total of 275 valid samples, the results show:
1.There are significant effects on first line managers’ service leadership by organizational authoritarianism and Machiavellian personality traits.
2.There is significant effect on employees’ trust by the first line managers’ service leadership.
3.There are significant mediating effects on employees’ trust by first line managers’ organizational authoritarianism and Machiavellian personality traits.
4.There are significant differences on organizational authoritarianism, Machiavellian personality traits, service leadership and trust with different subjects’ demographic variables.

Through these empirical study results, there are the following recommendations:
1.To strengthen the cognition of organizational authoritarianism provides positive benefit to service leadership.
2.The leader should avoid giving subordinates the Machiavellian personality orientation.
3.The first line manager may implement the concept of service leadership and skills.
4.Service leadership has important influence on employees’ performance. It is a mediator for the effect of influence by the leader’s characteristic and employees’ awareness on trust. It shows that the most important of a leader is not whether he owns Machiavellian personality traits, and neither the attitude of the leader or employee to the organization authoritarian, the most important thing for the leader is to show up his service leadership.

並列關鍵字

Organizational Authoritarianism ； Machiavelli Personality Traits ； Service Leadership ； Trust

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