狐這種動物不管是在中國還是在日本都有著不同於其他動物的存在意義。中國與日本是鄰國,自唐朝以來兩國的交流甚是頻繁,因此在兩國的狐文化上可以看到諸多相似之處。 中國狐意象的變遷是從瑞獸、神獸乃至於妖獸,其地位日漸衰落的同時也變成中國傳統的民間信仰之一。此外,在許多傳說及神怪小說裡狐也扮演著極其重要的角色。中國人對於狐是抱持著既恐懼又尊崇的態度,因此對狐的信仰興盛了千年之久,但卻在近短短百年之間迅速地式微。 另一方面,在日本有許許多多關於狐的傳承和傳說。日本的狐文化不只可以從漫長的歷史中看到它廣泛的展開,同時也因為中國文化的影響,呈現出多元且複雜的面貌。 相對於在中國衰落的狐仙信仰,受到中國文化影響的日本狐信仰──稻荷信仰,至今仍一脈相承地深入日本人的精神生活,同時也深入其經濟及社會的各個層面。 本論文旨在針對受到中國與日本兩國各自不同時代、風俗及宗教的影響所開展的狐文化,以具體的實例來考察與比較中日兩國狐文化的異同。
Fox this kind of animal has unique symbolic meaning in Japan and in China. Because Japan and China are neighborly nations and keep closed interaction thousand years, their culture influences each other a lot. The image of fox in China changed from auspicious creature, mythical creatures to monstrous creature, and it became one of traditional religion in China during this changing period. Otherwise, fox is an important role in legends and in fiction novel. Therefore, Fox for Chinese are frightening and worshipful. The religion and worship toward fox thrived for thousand years, but declined rapidly in hundred years. In Japan, people also had some legends about fox. Through time passed by and influences from China, Japanese fox culture developed its unique scene, especially in aspect of religion. Compared with Chinese fox culture decreasing, one of Japanese fox culture influenced by China, Inari faith, became a very important religion in Japanese society. This thesis is a comparison of the development about fox culture between Japan and China in different ages, societies, and religions.
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