吸收能力、組織學習、知識移轉與競爭優勢之關聯性研究

A Study on the Relationships among Absorptive Capacity, Organizational Learning, Knowledge Transfer and Competitive Advantage

楊旻儒(Min-Ju Yang)

指導教授 ： 廖述賢

淡江大學/管理學院/管理科學研究所碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.01135

摘要

隨著日新月異的資訊科技排山倒海而來，資訊處理已不再是組織中關鍵作業的瓶頸，現在組織所面臨的最大挑戰，已轉變為知識的創造與知識的處理。若以知識基礎的觀點來看，以知識為基礎的方法乃是組織中創造知識、移轉知識、結合知識最重要的媒介。因此企業若想取得持久性競爭優勢，則需發展自身的智慧資本，提升核心競爭能力。但知識的取得無法完全依靠組織內部發展，必須適時從外在的供應商、合作夥伴、協同廠商及各種利害關係人中吸收並移轉到企業內部，透過個人與組織的學習方能有所成效。因此，吸收能力、知識移轉與組織學習讓企業能夠傳遞並分享知識，若能成功將知識從某一方引進至另一方且接收者能有效吸收、學習時，方能取得成功的競爭優勢，進而為企業帶來競爭力。故為了創造出持續性的競爭優勢，企業必須將注意力逐漸轉移至其本身所具有的獨特性及持續性資源上。
本研究目的在探討吸收能力、知識移轉、組織學習與競爭優勢之間的關係，以2008年一百大金融業及千大科技業為母體，金融業以其中16家；科技業以其中32家作為研究樣本，共計發放482份問卷，回收之有效問卷為345份。本研究透過線性結構化方程式模型將吸收能力、知識移轉與組織學習對競爭優勢的影響進行實證分析。本研究的主要發現經歸納後可分為以下幾點：(1)整體模式的適配度達可接受之評鑑標準，且在部份中介效果的模型中具有較佳的配適，表示本研究的理論模型可獲得支持，各構念之間存有影響關係；(2)經多群體恆等驗證因素分析的結構方程模式檢定，發現吸收能力到知識移轉與競爭優勢以及組織學習到競爭優勢的關係會因產業別的不同，產生迥異之影響結果，顯示產業別對本研究提出的智慧資本至取得優勢的整合模式有部分調節效果存在；(3)本研究釐清產業別對智慧資本至取得優勢的整合模式的調節效果，並提供知識管理相關理論建構以及實務界人力資源發展之參考，在進行多角化之時，能夠注意各產業獲取競爭優勢的方法以發揮綜效。

關鍵字

吸收能力 ； 知識移轉 ； 組織學習 ； 競爭優勢 ； 結構化方程式 ； 調節效果

並列摘要

With the avalanche of ever-changing information technology, information processing has no longer been the key bottleneck problem. Recently the most critical challenge these organizations have to face has transferred into the knowledge creation and knowledge processing. Based on knowledge viewpoint, this method is an important medium to create, transfer and integrate knowledge. For these reasons in order to acquire sustained competitive advantage, Organizations must reinforce its intellectual capital and develop core capability. Knowledge are not always able to create within their own boundaries, they must transfer from suppliers and collaborative partners. By this way these companies can obtain many kinds of performance by personal and organizational leaning. Therefore the method of applying absorptive capacity, knowledge transfer and organizational learning is a process of sharing knowledge within organizations. Successful knowledge transfer regarded as the receiver can be absorbed knowledge outside the company effectively, and its will establish competitive advantage by organizational learning. Thus in order to set sustained competitive advantage up, companies must focus on t their own uniqueness and abiding resources.
This study proposes and tests the relationship among absorptive capacity, knowledge transfer, organizational learning and competitive advantage in finance and technology industries. Based on a cross-sectional sample from 1000 technology and 100 financial industries in Taiwan and 345 valid questionnaires, This study uses the structural equation model (SEM) to empirically explore the relationships among absorptive capacity, knowledge transfer, organizational learning and competitive advantage. Our results are as follows: (1). In the partial mediated model the model have a good model fit. It means knowledge transfer and organizational learning are the mediations between absorptive capacity and competitive advantage. (2). This study use multi-group approach and found industry is the moderator on the path between absorptive capacity to knowledge transfer, absorptive capacity to competitive advantage and organizational learning to competitive advantage. (3). The study also provides the structure of knowledge management and reference material to the practice of developing human resource management to gain synergy of competitive advantages.

並列關鍵字

Absorptive Capacity ； Knowledge Transfer ； Organizational Learning ； Competitive Advantage ； Structural Equation Modeling ； Moderate Effect

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