新冠肺炎疫情下的權力規訓：疾病隱喻分析

從古至今，傳染病不斷伴隨著人類走過歷史的長河。2020年1月開始，新冠肺炎成為全世界關注的焦點，從這一新興傳染病的蔓延開始，權力便如同一雙無形的大手，建立秩序，以一系列的防疫辦法疏導人民走出陰霾，當「新冠肺炎」從剛開始的不清晰病毒特性到證實存在「人傳人」、「致死性」等等特點，在這個過程中，大眾在面對「新冠肺炎」的態度及國家處理此疫病的手段與方法上發生了很大的轉變，而新冠肺炎被權力賦予了不同之社會意涵，在新冠肺炎疫情下的民眾通過政策法令、專家論述、社會議論等種種論述以至於民眾自身的建構編織出一個嶄新的「新冠肺炎」並完成大眾自我乃至他人的規訓。本研究發現，不論是從新冠病毒的圖像呈現亦或是行政國家的界限劃分與染疫者的定義及區隔都蘊含著科學言說敘事所帶來的專家權威的體現與知識權力化的特點，PCR檢測與R0值的醫學手段標誌著權力對確診者進行科學的定義，旅遊警示的區隔以專家言說的力量作為權力的代表與理論基礎勾畫出國家區域的界線。在種種建構下，民眾對新冠肺炎的認知與定義使之與權力達成了「共識」，正是因為新冠肺炎病毒傳播的致死性與隨機性使得防疫背景下的個體並不需要權力的強制介入便可完成自身監視以至於他人的監視的轉化，或是說新冠肺炎的特點加速了自我監視與他人監視的形成。

關鍵字

新冠肺炎；專家言說；權力規訓；監視

並列摘要

From ancient times to the present, infectious diseases have been accompanied by human beings through the long river of history. Starting from January 2020, the new crown pneumonia has become the focus of attention around the world. Since the spread of this emerging infectious disease, power has been like a pair of invisible big hands, establishing order, and using a series of epidemic prevention methods to guide the people out of the haze. "New coronary pneumonia" has gone from the unclear virus characteristics at the beginning to the confirmed existence of "human-to-human transmission", "fatality" and other characteristics. In this process, the public’s attitude towards the "new coronary pneumonia" and the country’s measures to deal with the disease Great changes have taken place in methods, and COVID-19 has been given different social connotations by the power. The people under the COVID-19 epidemic have used various discourses such as policies and regulations, expert discussions, and social conferences, so that the people’s own construction weaves a Brand new "New Coronary Pneumonia" and complete the discipline of the public themselves and others. This study found that whether it is presented from the image of the new coronavirus or the boundaries of administrative countries and the definition and division of infected persons, all contain the characteristics of the expression of expert authority and the power of knowledge brought by scientific narrative. The medical methods of PCR detection and R0 value mark the power to scientifically define the diagnosed person. The division of travel warnings is based on the power of experts' words as the representative of power and the theoretical basis to delineate the boundaries of the country and region. Under various constructions, the public’s understanding and definition of COVID-19 has made it reach a “consensus” with power. It is precisely because of the lethality and randomness of the spread of COVID-19 that individuals under the background of epidemic prevention do not need to force the intervention of power It can complete the transformation from self-surveillance to the surveillance of others, or the characteristics of new coronary pneumonia accelerate the formation of self-surveillance and surveillance by others.