探討雲林地區氣膠及乾沈降中多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)其濃度及組成變化

Study on the concentration and composition variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosols and dry depositions in Yunlin County

溫敬峰(Ching-Feng Wen)

指導教授 ： 郭崇義

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/公共衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2013.00021

摘要

台灣近年在工業的蓬勃發展下，其排放於大氣中多環芳香烴化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)之含量已不容小覷。本研究旨在探討雲林縣工業區、鄰近工業區及背景地區(遠離工業區)其PAHs之濃度及組成之變化。研究中於三地區收集夏秋二季其大氣懸浮微粒(PM2.5)與乾沉降(Dry-deposition)之樣本，但氣態(Gas-Pahse)及大氣懸浮微粒(PM10-2.5)之樣品僅於採集了秋季。分析三地區間其PAHs之濃度及組成並比較不同區域之變化。研究中亦進一步討論PAHs於氣相及固相之分佈。此外亦估算在不同相態或粒徑下其PAHs之致癌當量(BaP equivalent, BaPeq)。
研究結果發現氣態、PM10-2.5及乾沉降之PAHs濃度於三地區間有相同之趨勢，為離島工業區>鄰近工業區>遠離工業區。PM2.5及其PAHs濃度於三地區間以背景地區之濃度最高，可能受當地易形成PM2.5之影響。
以特徵比值判定污染源時，三地區皆以燃燒及工業煙囪排放為主；然而距離工業區越遠，其比值則越偏向交通源。當吹拂海風時，鄰近工業區之總PAHs濃度有較高之現象，其Ind-PAHs/PM2.5之比值高達3.83~6.06之間，亦進一步證實鄰近工業區受到工業區之影響。
PM2.5中低環數PAHs(Low molecular weight-PAHs, L-PAHs)之濃度及乾沉降中高環數PAHs(High molecular weight-PAHs, H-PAHs)之濃度在夏秋兩季上有統計上之顯著變化。利用氣/固之分佈發現三地區皆未達平衡，其PAHs之流佈以氣相沉降至固相為主。
PAHs之BaPeq在氣態、PM10-2.5及乾沉降中之濃度高低於三地區皆有相同趨勢，為離島工業區>鄰近工業區>遠離工業區。此現象顯示生活於工業區及鄰近工業區之民眾可能有暴露到較高之致癌性PAHs。由於氣態中有較高之BaPeq，因此工業區 排放之氣態PAHs是更加值得重視的。

關鍵字

多環芳香烴化合物 ； 離島工業區排放 ； 氣/固分佈係數 ； BaPeq濃度

並列摘要

In recent years, industries in Taiwan have developed rapidly and the relative emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the atmosphere cannot be underestimated. This study explored the concentration and composition of PAH variations among the industrial area, neighboring industrial area and control area (far away from industrial area) in Yunlin County. PM2.5 and dry deposition samples in three areas were collected during the summer and autumn months, but the gaseous and PM10-2.5 samples were collected only in the autumn. The concentration and composition of PAHs in the three areas were analyzed and compared. The partitions between the gas and particle phases of PAHs were further discussed. In addition, the BaP equivalents (BaPeq) of PAHs in different phases or particle sizes were also estimated.
The results showed that the concentrations of PAHs in the gas phase, PM10-2.5, and dry deposition all showed the same trend in the three areas, industrial area > neighboring industrial area > far away from industrial area. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in control site were the highest among the three areas, due to high formation rate of PM2.5 in that area.
Base on the characteristic ratios, the dominant pollutant source in the three areas was attributed to combustion and industrial smokestack emissions; however, in areas far from the industrial area, the dominant source was attributed to traffic emission. The total PAH concentrations in neighboring industrial areas were higher when there was a sea wind. It was further confirmed that the neighboring industrial areas were influenced by the industrial area, with very high ratios of Ind-PAHs/PM2.5 ranging from 3.83~6.06.
The concentrations of the low molecular weight-PAHs (L-PAHs) in PM2.5 and the high molecular weight-PAHs (H-PAHs) in the dry deposition samples varied significantly between two the seasons of summer and autumn. The gas and particle partitioning in three areas were not reaching the equilibrium status. PAHs were mainly deposited from the gas phase to particles.
The concentrations of BaPeq in the gas phase, PM10-2.5, and dry deposition showed that all showed the same trend in the three areas, industrial areas > neighboring industrial areas > far away from industrial areas. These results indicated that people living in the industrial areas and neighboring industrial areas could be exposed to higher carcinogenic PAHs. More attention should be paid to the gaseous PAHs emission of industrial areas due to very high concentrations of BaPeq in the gas phase.

並列關鍵字

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ； Industrial emission ； Gas and particle partitioning ； BaP equivalent

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