動物醫院生物氣膠特性及其抗藥性評估

Evaluation of Bioaerosol Properties and Antibiotic Resistance in Animal Hospital

王孟優(Meng-Yu Wang)

指導教授 ： 賴全裕

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2015.00040

摘要

生物性汙染對於人類的健康安全有很大的影響，空氣中的生物氣膠可導致感染或過敏。而在不同動物宿主(包括人類)及不同環境相互作用下，可導致微生物對抗生素產生抗藥性。本研究在動物醫院進行採樣，目的為探討動物醫院中生物氣膠在不同培養溫度下的微生物種類、濃度及其抗藥性，以評估對人體的健康危害。
本研究於2013至2015年間，採樣時間分別於1月(冬季)、3月（春季）、5月（夏季）、7月（夏季）、11月（秋季）以安德森六階、AGI-30、BioSampler三種生物氣膠採樣器進行細菌及真菌採樣，地點為台灣中部某動物醫院大廳及動物病房進行採樣、菌種鑑定及抗藥性分析。細菌部分，以胰大豆蛋白瓊脂培養基於攝氏25度、37度、42度培養，以BD Phoenix™全自動微生物鑑定儀進行菌種鑑定及抗藥性分析。真菌部分以麥芽萃取物瓊脂培養基培養於攝氏25度培養，並以臨床真菌圖譜檢索表進行菌屬與菌種鑑定。
結果顯示，Andersen six stage生物氣膠採樣器於細菌部分，於每階均可採集到Micrococcus spp.及Staphylococcus spp.為優勢菌群。真菌部分則是以Cladosporium spp.及Penicillium spp.為主。而AGI-30、BioSampler採樣器，在25度、37度、42度等，三種不同溫度培養下皆可培養出Staphylococcus spp.（7種）及Micrococcus spp.（2種），除了Micrococcus spp.，顯示從體溫較高的禽類體表至環境溫度，Staphylococcus spp.（7種）除了能存活，也具有抗藥性基因。於大廳及病房所採集到的Staphylococcus spp.抗藥性分析結果顯示，對於Ampicillin、Oxacillin及Penicillin G有抗藥性，而以大廳所採集到的Staphylococcus spp.有較廣泛的抗藥性。綜合以上結果，大部份生物氣膠中之微生物以環境菌為主，但仍屬於機緣性病原菌，可污染治療用器具、引起院內感染及過敏等。

關鍵字

生物氣膠 ； 動物醫院 ； 抗生素 ； 培養溫度

並列摘要

Biological pollution deeply impacts health of human beings, and bioaerosols can result in infection or allergy. Under different animal host (including human) and interaction of different environments, microorganisms may have a resistance to antibiotics. In this study, we sampled in animal hospitals in order to investigate microorganism species, concentration and resistance to antibiotics of bioearosols at different temperatures in animal hospitals and evaluate their hazards to health of human beings.
In this study, three types of bioaerosol samplers like Andersen six stage, AGI-30 and BioSampler were used for sampling bacteria and fungi in four seasons. The sampling locations were respectively the hall and the animal wards of an animal hospital in central Taiwan. Bacteria were cultured by tryptone soya agar (TSA) at 25℃, 37℃ and 42℃. Colonial morphology was observed and counted after gram stain. The full automatic microorganism identification instrument BD Phoenix™ was used to identify strains and analyze resistance to antibiotics. Fungi were cultured by malt extract agar (MEA) at 25℃. The Altlas of clinical fungi identification index was used to identify fungi genus and strains.
The result showed that the Andersen six stage collected dominant bacteria like Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. from bacteria at each stage, and collected Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. from fungi. The AGI-30 and BioSampler samplers all cultivated Staphylococcus spp. (7 species) and Micrococcus spp. (2 species) at three different temperatures (25℃, 37℃ and 42℃). By analysis, the resistance to antibiotics about Staphylococcus spp. collected from hall and wards could resist Ampicillin, Oxacillin and Penicillin G. Staphylococcus spp. (7 species) collected from hall had an extensive resistance to antibiotics. All the results showed that most bioaerosols are mainly environmental bacteria, but they still are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, which can contaminate therapeutic apparatus and result in hospital nosocomial infection and allergy.

並列關鍵字

bioaerosol ； animal hospital ； antibiotic ； culture temperature

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