營養系與非營養系學生的體型意識、減重概念、病態飲食相關的心態及其飲食行為及營養攝取量之調查

The Study on the weight related concerns, weight loss practices and food intakes among dietetic and non-dietetic major college students

宋筧珍(Chein-Chen Sung)

指導教授 ： 翁玉青

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在討探營養系與非營養系學生的體型意識、減重概念、病態飲食相關的心態及其飲食行為及營養攝取量的差異。以中部地區大專院校營養系與非營養系學生為研究對象。並以自填式問卷為研究工具，問卷內容包括:個人基本資料問卷、減重概念問卷、飲食障礙問卷（Eating Disorders Inventory, EDI），飲食態度測驗問卷（Eating Attitude Test-26, EAT-26），飲食行為問卷及24小時回憶問卷（24-hours recalls）。結果發現：一、學生普遍高估自己體型，一半以上的學生期望體型小於實際體型，女生較男生對體型不滿意(BD)。營養系較非營養系學生希望自己能再瘦一點，但非營養系女生比營養系女生有趨向纖瘦(DT)的傾向高。二、營養系比非營養系學生有正確的體重減重認知，所使用的減重方法在有氧運動(慢跑、游泳)、均衡營養中合理的熱量節制、一天中某一、二餐不吃、練瑜珈的比例有顯著差異。營養系與非營養系學生的體重減輕信念中， 「為了工作」和「為了健康」呈顯著差異。營養系學生的運動動機因性別不同而有所差異。三、營養系學生病態飲食行為傾向之盛行率為5.7%，非營養系學生為3.3%。營養系與非營養系男生、女生在EAT積分及病態飲食分量表-節食、暴食與偏見、口腔控制皆無顯著差異。營養系學生較非營養系學生吃早餐的頻度高；吃宵夜、吃點心/零食頻度低;在「營養均衡」、「進食技巧」、「熱量關心」和「特定食物」之實際飲食行為顯著較為良好;實際營養素攝取量在熱量、蛋白質、碳水化合物、脂肪及膽固醇有顯著差異。四、EAT(+)的營養系與非營養系學生的體重減輕信念之「為了工作」和「為了健康」、實際飲食行為之「進食技巧」及實際營養素攝取量之粗纖維及膽固醇有顯著差異。五、全體受測學生在體重減輕認知上受實際體型、實際體型與期望體型差(AD)、體型滿意度、自覺「減重」重要性的影響。EAT積分受性別、實際體型與期望體型差(AD)、減重經驗、自覺「減重」重要性的影響。實際飲食行為方面受性別、實際體型與期望體型差(AD)、體型滿意度、自覺「減重」重要性的影響。結論：學生普遍高估體型，期望較低體位。營養系學生有較正確的減重概念及良好的飲食行為，但在體型意識及體滿意度方面，卻不因為專業而有較理想的認知。

關鍵字

病態飲食行為 ； 體型意識 ； 飲食態度測驗 ； 營養系學生

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in weight related concerns, weight loss practices and nutrients intakes among dietetic and non-dietetic major college students in Taichung city, Taiwan. The questionnaire which contained demographic data, weight belief and practices, Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), Eating Attitude Test (EAT) and 24-hours recalls was used for data collection. The results indicate: (1) Body images were generally overestimated by both dietetic and non-dietetic major students. More than half of subjects desired less then their actual weight and females had more body weight dissatisfaction than males. Dietetic majors desire thinner body than non-dietetic majors; however, female non-dietetic majors had more drive to thinness tendency than female dietetic majors. (2) Dietetic majors had more accurate weight loss perception than non-dietetic majors. Aerobic exercises, effective restriction in calorie intakes with balance nutrition, Skip meal, and Yoga were the weight loss strategies which showed the significant difference in use by these two groups. (3)The EAT (+) was 5.7% in dietetic and 3.3% in non-dietetic majors, respectively. There was no significant difference between females and males in both majors regarding EAT score, and subscales of EDI. The dietetic majors has more frequency in breakfast eating, less snacking and bedtime snack, performed significant better in “balance nutrition”, “dieting techniques”, “calorie concern” than non-dietetic majors. Moreover, there were significant differences in intakes of calories, carbohydrate, fat and cholesterol between two majors. (4)There were significant differences in “for jobs” and “for heath” of weigh-reduction beliefs, dieting techniques, fibers and cholesterol intakes in EAT (+) subjects in two majors. (5)Weight-reduction beliefs of both majors were affected by actual body image, discrepancy of actual and desired body weight, body satisfaction and perceived important of weight reduction. In addition, the EAT score of both majors were influenced by factors in gender, difference between actual and desired body weight, weight reduction experiences and perceived important of weight reduction. Lastly, actual eating behaviors of both majors were influenced by factors in gender, difference between actual and desired body weight, body satisfaction and perceived important of weight reduction. Conclusion: the study revealed that students are generally overestimated body weight and expected lower weight categories. Dietetic major students processed more accurate weight reduction beliefs and with better eating behaviors than non-dietetics. However, dietetic students didn’t show better body weight satisfaction than non-dietetic majors.

並列關鍵字

Eating Disorders ； Body Image ； Eating Attitude Test ； Dietetic Major Students

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