殺菌劑全尺度實場之殺菌效果評估-以負壓型態測試為主

Evaluation of Bacteria Reducing Efficiency Using Bactericide Under Full Scale Field Study-A Negative Pressure Pattern testing

王韻婷(Yun-Ting Wang)

指導教授 ： 賴全裕

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

摘要

為防止微生物透過空氣傳播的方式造成人員的感染及危害，並使用不同於一般常用的方法來進行消毒殺菌，同時預期能夠加強流場型態不佳的病房之微生物減少量。本研究首先進行紙錠擴散試驗，初步瞭解試驗之殺菌試劑的抑菌效果。接著在全尺度通風實驗室，長寬高分別為3×3×3公尺，設計室內外壓差及不同稀釋通風流場，包括短路式、置換式流場及完全混合模式，以及換氣次數(Air change rate per hour, ACH)。實驗施放細菌及殺菌試劑，在不同變項下之細菌遞減率。配合使用枯草桿菌作為挑戰氣膠，並以卡里遜噴霧器產生挑戰氣膠及殺菌試劑的霧化微粒。細菌遞減率方面，主要利用安德森單階採樣器進行採樣驗證。殺菌試劑則選擇次氯酸水、松油烯-4-醇、檸檬草油等，以不同稀釋比例進行實驗噴灑。

　　結果顯示：大部分殺菌試劑在置換式流場負壓時，都具有使細菌遞減的效果，然而在正壓及穩壓時之效果有明顯的下降，其中次氯酸水在不同壓差下仍具有較高的減少細菌效果。在同樣負壓條件下，三種流場型態顯示之移除率比較後發現，平均以置換式流場時產生之遞減率最高(32.2~79.5%)，短路式流場次之(8.0~39.4%)，完全混合式流場結果則不顯著(4.0~22.2%)，可知流場型態的改變確實能夠使殺菌試劑施放後之效果產生變化，然而遞減率結果也與殺菌試劑、挑戰氣膠細菌之粒徑大小有關，粒徑差異越大則膠結係數越大，遞減效果應越顯著。整體來說，由實驗結果可知在置換式流場下才能使通風系統與殺菌試劑兩者配合下，得到減少細菌的最佳效果。

關鍵字

全尺度 ； 殺菌 ； 壓差 ； 膠結

並列摘要

Many nosocomial infections of patients are derived from secondary infections during their hospital stay via pathogens or by its toxins, thereby causing local or systemic adverse reactions in them that are not present prior to admission or not at a latency stage. The major nosocomial infection route can be divided into two pathways, via airborne and contact transmission. According to recent researches, general disinfection methods are direct contact to pathogens but seldom relat to airborne disinfection method.
Our research first conducted the paper disk diffusion test to initially understand the effectiveness of the bactericides. Then, in a full-scale test ventilation laboratory equipped with stable(ΔP=0 pa), negative(ΔP=-8 pa), or positive(ΔP=+8 pa)pressure ventilation. The dimensions of laboratory were 3 x 3 x 3 meters, that could provide different dilution ventilation flow patterns, included the short-circuit and displacement pattern. Moreover, the operation parameter also compared the different air change rate per hour (ACH). The experimental procedure was to deploy bacteria and bactericides and test their effective bacteria reducing rate under different flow patterns and pressure drop(negative, stable, positive)setting. For experimental comparison, the bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was used as challenge aerosol while the Collison Atomizer was used for producing the bioaerosol and the bactericide. The bioaerosol disinfection efficiency was compared via the Andersen Single Stage Microbial Sampler. As for the bactericides, different proportions of diluted bactericides were atomized and sprayed in the full scale test laboratory with the selection of hypochlorous acid, terpinen-4-ol, and lemon grass oil.
The research results indicated that most bactericides worked most effectively under negative pressured airflow field environments. There was a significant reducing in bactericidal effect under positive or stable pressured environments. In particular, the hypochlorous acid still showed a high bactericidal effect under different pressure drops. Under the short circuit airflow field, the terpinen-4-ol and lemon grass oil both also showed significant bactericia reducing effect. The resulted bactericidal rates were also related to the particle sizes of the bactericides and the experimental bacteria used. The greater the difference of the particle sizes between the bactericides and experimental bacteria used, the greater was their coagulation, which may produce a better bactericia reducing effect.

並列關鍵字

full scale ； disinfection ； pressure ； drop coagulation

參考文獻

12. 王升陽、張上鎮：臺灣本土林木揮發性代謝產物生物活性之探討。林業研究專訊 2008；Vol.15 No.3：6-9。

13. 何振隆、李淑靜、蘇裕昌：台灣本土樹種精油成分之介紹。林業研究專訊 2008；Vol.15 No.3：10-18。

27. 陳伯光、吳思敬、黃國雄、林翰謙，不同溫度採集竹/木醋液之基本性質與抑菌性之評估，2007，98林學會林產組海報發表海報全文。

3. 劉德齡：作業場所通風特性評估方法之研究。國立臺灣大學公共衛生學院職業醫學與工業衛生研究所碩士論文 1995。

1. 于台珊：醫療院所中央空調系統生物氣膠濃度特性調查研究，勞工安全衛生研究所期中報告 2006。