台中市國小中高年級學童體型意識及其影響因素之相關研究

The Study on Body Image and It’s Related Factors of 9-13 Years Old Elementary Students in Taichung

林盈伶(Ying-Ling Lin)

指導教授 ： 翁玉青

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2010.00150

摘要

本研究主要目的在瞭解台中市國小中高年級學童的體位和體型意識現況，並進一步探討主要照顧者之飲食教養行為及其他因素對學童體型意識之影響。問卷分為主要照顧者與學童兩部分，以匿名自填式問卷為研究工具，內容包括：（A）基本資料與體型意識（B）柯林氏體型量表（Collins’ figure）（C）體型受嘲笑經驗量表（D）青春期發展量表（E）自我態度量表（F）兒童飲食教養問卷（Child Feeding Questionnaire, CFQ）。結果發現：（1）學童稍胖及非常胖的比例為27.9%，而稍瘦及非常瘦的比例為14.0%；（2）約有六成的學童對於自我認知體型有正確的認知，但卻有五成以上的學童期望自己能瘦一點，且學童自身的體型滿意度會受到主要照顧者對學童的體型滿意度而受到影響；（3）學童體型受嘲笑程度會隨著年級、年齡、實際體型和青春期發展的增加而增加；（4）男童自我態度積分顯著高於女童，而年級、年齡、實際體型和青春期發展亦為影響其自我態度的因素；（5）女性主要照顧者對於學童的飲食照顧責任認知、飲食監控和飲食限制情形皆顯著高於男性主要照顧者；且主要照顧者教育程度和家庭月收入越高，對學童飲食照顧責任隨之增加，但對於兒童體重關注程度卻隨之降低；且隨著學童實際體型與青春期的進展，主要照顧者會增加對兒童體重關注程度，並減少其飲食強迫進食情形。根據結果顯示，有超過一半的學童對自我體型不滿意，而本研究證實，學童之青春期發展情形、體型受嘲笑程度、自我態度及受主要照顧者之飲食教養行為與學童實際體型具顯著相關性。

關鍵字

體型意識 ； 青春期發展 ； 體型受嘲笑程度 ； 自我態度 ； 飲食教養行為 ； 國小中高年級學童

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to understand the weight status and body image of the 9-13 years old elementary students in Taichung. Food-related parenting style of caregivers were also be studied. Two parts of anonymous questionnaire which included the questions of demographics, body image (body satisfaction, perceived body weight and desired body weight), Collins’ figures, Weight-related Teasing Scale, Pubertal Development Scale, Self-esteem Scale of child were used for data collection. Collins’ Figure and Child Feeding Questionnaire were answered by their caregivers. Results indicated: (1) The children’ actual body weight categories belong to slightly fat and very fat were 27.9%, and slightly thin and very thin were 14.0%. (2) More than sixty percent children had accurate perceptions of their body shape, but there were more than half of children desired thinner. The body image of children was influenced by caregivers’ satisfaction of children’ body shape. (3) Weight related teasing was increased by grade, age, actual body weight categories and pubertal development stages. (4) The score of Self Esteem Scale of boys was higher than girls and was influenced by grade, age, body weight categories and pubertal development. (5) Female caregivers perceived higher responsibility, monitoring and restriction in foods of children than male caregivers. of males. When education level and family income of caregivers increased, perceived responsibility of children also increased, but concerns about child weight decreased. Along with children’s weight categories increase and pubertal development progress, caregivers would increase concerns of children’s body weight and reduce the practice of force eating to children. Conclusion: More than half of children were with body dissatisfaction. Pubertal development, weight related teasing, self-esteem and food-related parenting style may closely link with children’s weight status.

並列關鍵字

body image ； pubertal development ； weight-related teasing ； food-related parenting style ； self-esteem ； 9-13 years old elementary students

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