國民法官心證形成與媒體預斷效應之關聯與救濟探討

隨著人民參與審判的呼聲越來越高，台灣政府將其列為司法改革的一環並且公布國民參與刑事審判法草案，期待藉由人民親自參與審判來提升司法信賴度。然而在我國的媒體環境下，犯罪新聞動輒成為眾所矚目的焦點，媒體報導的內容經由各種傳播媒介播送，極有可能改變一般人民對案件的認知。為避免未來國民法官制度實施後，潛在國民法官們受到犯罪新聞報導的影響，而無法以中立客觀的角度擔任國民法官，侵害被告受公平審判的權利，本篇論文從探討影響國民法官心證形成的因素出發，先確立媒體輿論會改變其心證，同時以司法心理學以及傳播學理論分析其在國民參審案件中可能會造成的影響，並進一步參考美國法上判斷公眾預斷效應的標準與處理方式，最後提出適合我國的立法建議與政策手段。

關鍵字

國民法官；人民參審；心證形成；公眾預斷效應；媒體審判；公平審判

並列摘要

As the request of citizen participation in trial has become demanding, Taiwan government has listed it as one of the parts of judicial reform and promulgated Draft Lay Participation in Law, hoping to increase public's confidence of judiciary. However, concerning the mass media status in Taiwan, crime news often draws great attention from the audience. The reports are spread through different kinds of medium, which may possibly change people’s knowing of trials. To prevent the potential lay assessors from being impartial because of the crime news reports and to protect the defendants’ rights of fair trial in the future, this thesis discusses the factors that reform lay assessors’moral conviction. We will fisrt demonstrate that the media will change one’s moral conviction, which will be analyzed with forensic psychology and communication theories at the same time. Furthermore, we will introduce the standards and approaches that the Supreme Court of the United States adopted as well as bring up some proper lawmaking and policy suggestions at last.