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  • 學位論文

室內揮發性有機物質逸散衰減模式對櫥櫃類家具適用性及健康風險評估之研究

A study on Indoor VOCs Emitted Decay model Applicable from Cabinet Furniture and Health Assessment

指導教授 : 邵文政

摘要


室內空氣品質會直接或間接對健康造成影響,室內的污染物質如「揮發性有機物質」(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)及「甲醛」 (Formaldehyde),長期由室內裝修材料、家具及化學製品等逸散,影響居住者生理健康,尤其是大量使用之「家具」裝修產品,更容易誘發化學性過敏與氣喘等疾病,本研究根據逸散理論及實驗量測(全尺寸環控艙測試法ASTM D6670-01) 選擇住家空間之木製櫥櫃類家具,進行全尺寸家具揮發性有機物質逸散衰減量測,檢測結果與國內外相關標章及室內空氣品質建議值比對,進而分析家具之逸散變化及健康危害程度,彙整櫥櫃類家具檢測數據,以建立櫥櫃類家具逸散衰減評定方法,並藉由逸散衰減模式推估室內空間之逸散濃度與速率,透過健康風險評估方式,探討室內櫥櫃類家具產生之空氣污染物危害度(HI)及致癌風險推估,作為未來設計者、施工者及使用者之應用參考依據。本研究可歸納以下結論: 一、櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質之逸散變化 根據4組櫥櫃類家具之歷時性逸散發現,在TVOC逸散濃度變化上,使用認證健康綠建材組成之衣櫃與書櫃呈現低濃度逸散。與使用傳統建材之家具比對,逸散濃度則相差了3.8倍與42.5倍。 使用TVOC(BTEX)與TVOC(As-Toluene)兩種濃度計算方式比對結果發現,使用認證健康建材組成之衣櫃與書櫃其平均RSD分別為110.19%與114.74%。使用傳統建材組成之衣櫃與書櫃其平均RSD分別為90.50%與37.69%,顯示家具評定基準以目前國內健康綠建材評定之BTEX物質加總會造成TVOC濃度低估的問題。其反映出未來在檢測全尺寸家具時,應制定不同的評估方式加以對應,以符合國際家具評定基準之要求。 二、櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質檢測數值與國內外標章比對 4組櫥櫃類家具檢測數值與國內外家具標章進行比對,發現TVOC逸散濃度皆能符合美國「ANSI/BIFMA及GreenGuard」之基準,但甲醛逸散濃度皆超過「ANSI/BIFMA及GreenGuard」可接受之健康值甚多,尤其是「傳統衣櫃」、「傳統書櫃」超過基準值達2倍以上。 TVOC逸散因子比對中,「傳統衣櫃」、「傳統書櫃」超過國內「健康綠建材」之基準,在甲醛逸散因子比對中「傳統衣櫃」、「傳統書櫃」皆超過「健康綠建材標章」之基準值達0.8倍以上,若此兩組家具提供給室內空間使用,則長期造成使用者之健康危害。比對結果顯示使用美國「ANSI/BIFMA及GreenGuard」之評估方法對家具產品可提供更嚴格的管控。 三、材料組成與櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質逸散衰減模式之相關性 TVOC逸散衰滅模式分析中僅使用傳統建材組成之傳統書櫃逸散因子迴歸結果(R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.807)(R2 power law-decay model = 0.918)具有顯著之敘述能力。單一VOCs部分僅傳統書櫃中Toluene逸散因子迴歸值(R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.826)(R2 power law-decay model = 0.954)具有更顯著之敘述能力。研判櫥櫃材料組成為主要影響揮發性有機物質逸散行為之原因,使用認證之健康綠建材組成之櫥櫃類家具,其材料製作過程經由特殊處理過,其逸散之化合物迴歸結果皆較無顯著之敘述能力,僅傳統建材組成之櫥櫃,其TVOC與單一VOCs(Toluene)迴歸結果具有顯著之敘述能力。 四、櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質之危害評估 根據健康風險評估結果,各個化合物(BTEX)平均暴露值未超過危害標準(HI = 0.0002<1 ),甲醛則是皆超過致癌風險(RISK = 9.901×10-5~6.536×10-4>1×10-6),尤其使用傳統建材之衣櫃與書櫃中甲醛的致癌風值最高(6.536×10-4),屬於對人體具有高危害性之家具,建議未來設計於室內裝修工程應考慮櫥櫃類家具之裝修面積與組成材料,進而確保居住者之健康。

並列摘要


Indoor air quality will affect our health both directly and indirectly. Pollutants such as, Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) and Formaldehyde emission from interior decoration material,furniture and chemical affect the residents’ health in a long run. Especially when using large amount of furniture product to decorate can easily cause some illnesses like, allergy and asthma. This analyse is based on household cabinet furniture made from wood and using Full-Scale Chamber by ASTM D6670-01 as the measurment of the experiment, proceed on measuring the increasing and decreasing of full scale furniture emission organic substance. The result will be compared with relevant overseas standard criteria and indoor air quality recommendation, then to analysis the variation of the furniture and its health and risk level. Altogether, from the cabinet furniture statistics, will be able to build emission recession method. Also, from the emission recession concept to speculate the speed of air emission and concentration. Through the health harmful evaluation, to probe into the air pollutant harm level produced from the indoor cabinet furniture. Giving the designer, constructioner and user their further reference. This analyse can concluded the followings: 1.Emission variation of vaporize organic substance of canbinet furniture Based on four set of cabinet furniture emission, I discovered the concentration varivation of TVOC. The result showed a low emission concentration of wardrobe and cabinet using certified healthy green building material. In comparison of the traditional building material, it is differ from 3.8 and 42.5 times the emission concentration. Calculate the concentration of TVOC(BTEX) and TVOC(As-Toluene), I discovered that the wardrobe and cabinet that used the certified healthy green building material had 110.19% and 114.74% of average RSD. The wardrobe and cabinet that used the traditional building material had 90.50% and 37.69% of average RSD. The furniture evaluation standard of BTEX substance for the healthy green building material within the country will cause a low TVOC concentration problem. This shows that when checking on the full scale furniture in the future, will need another evaluation method in order to conform with the demand of international standard evaluation. 2. Comparision within country and overseas of vaporize organic substance for cabinet furniture standard Compared the standard furniture statistics within the country and overseas of four sets of cabinet, I discovered that the TVOC emission concentration conformed the standard “ANSI/BIFMA and GreenGuard” of the United States. But, formaldehyde emission concentration exceeded “ANSI/BIFMA and GreenGuard” accepting zone of health. Especially traditional wardrobe and cabinet, both exceed twice times and above the standard. Compared with the TVOC emission factor, it conformed the healthy green building material standard within the country. Compared with the formaldehyde emission factor, traditional wardrobe and cabinet both exceeded the healthy green building material standard, which is way above the accepting health rate at 0.8 times the standard. If these two sets of furniture is available for indoor usage, it will cause user health risk in a long run. Compared with the formaldehyde emission factor, there are two sets of cabinet which conformed the standard, European style wardrobe and ready-to-assemble furniture. The result showed using United States’ “ANSI/BIFMA and GreenGuard” evaluate method provided more severe quality control. 3. Address suitable emission recession method of vaporize organic substance for cabinet furniture In the analysis of TVOC emitted decline model, ready-to-assemble traditional cabinet emission factor multiple regression(R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.807)(R2 power law-decay model = 0.918) was used and had showed a significant statement. In a part of VOC traditional cabinet, Toluene emission factor multiple regression(R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.826)(R2 power law-decay model = 0.954)has a significant statement. The research has come to a decision that material for cabinet was the reason that affected the VOC emitted action. Certified healthy green building material Eurpoean style cabinet and ready-to-assemble bookcase were used with distinctive handle of the material had not show a significant statement for its emitted vocs multiple regression result. Whereas, cabinet using traditional building material, it’s TVOC and VOCs(Toluene) multiple regression result had show a significant statement. 4.Harzard evaluation of vaporize organic substance for cabinet furniture According to the health hazards evaluate result, the average TVOC(BTEX) exposure was below the hazard standard (HI =0.0002<1 ). Formaldehyde was above the risk of causing cancer(RISK = 9.901×10-5~6.536×10-4>1×10-6),especially using traditional building material wardrobe and bookcase, the risk is the highest(6.536×10-4). These furniture is at high risk for human. It is recommended to consider cabinet with decorate area and ready-to-assemble material to ensure health for the resident.

參考文獻


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