太陽能以光及輻射線的模式對地球照射,是目前地球上最穩定及最乾淨的能源之一,卻也是造成室內環境溫度升高的主要因素。以台灣地區而言,炎熱季節為五至十月,此時建築物水平方位的日射量為其他各向立面的2~3倍,其巨大的水平日射量,會迫使室內環境無法滿足舒適的要求。本研究應用建築物雙層屋頂內置流動空氣層,使其與外氣流通,隔絕太陽輻射熱進入室內,藉以降低夏季空調耗能。並於雙層屋頂表層利用集熱管呈網狀分佈埋置在混凝土中,形成一混凝土版集熱器用以收集太陽輻射熱能來製造熱水。使直接與太陽輻射接觸之屋頂表層,成為一兼具隔熱與集熱功能的構造物。以降低建築物室內環境之熱負荷,同時能達到能源再生與獲得之效果。本研究主要以實體改造試驗與足尺模型試驗,利用儀器現場量測,針對雙層屋頂之隔熱性能與屋頂表層混凝土版集熱器性能進行評估分析。經實驗證明,研究中所提出平屋頂形式之雙層屋頂整合太陽能集熱器構造,確實具有良好之隔熱性能,其熱傳透率約較一般單層RC屋頂構造衰減36.93%~84.64%。在集熱性能上,太陽能系統水溫亦能達到人體盥洗之熱水溫度以上。在今日建築物外殼之屋頂構造普遍存在隔熱性能不佳的狀況,而又必須兼以考慮法規之限制及屋頂平台上之使用與防災避難功能的情形下,透過構造與設備整合之構法設計、驗證過程,提供一可行的節能構造應用參考。
There is no doubt that solar energy, which is clean and non-hazardous, could contribute considerably to a solution of the energy problem if appropriate method is developed to collect, concentrate, store and convert solar radiation which is diffuse and intrinsically intermittent. Especially in Taiwan, people suffer from the heat between May to October. During this period, solar radiation of horizontal plane is two to three times comparing with vertical ones. The heat causing by solar radiation results in interior space hardly achieving the requirement of comfort. This study develops a double-layer roof with a layer of air inside insulation interior space from heat to reduce energy consumption. Moreover, solar collector in the shape of net is embedded in the double-layer roof. The device, a concrete solar collector, collects in solar energy for heating water. The surface of roof, which directly contacts solar radiation, becomes a multi-function fabric of heat insulation and collector. It reduces the interior heat load and gaining the possibility of energy recycle. The study demonstrates a new idea of forming familiar materials and evaluates the performance by real case. It also conducts an analysis on the performance of double-layer roof and concrete solar collector. According to the result, it evidences that the proposed device actually benefits in heat insulation, reducing 36.93% to 84.64% of the coefficient of heat transmission comparing with single layer roof of RC. In addition, the proposed device also has good performance in heat collection. The experiment illustrates the temperature can be accepted for bath. Most roof design doesn’t take the function of heat insulation into consideration until now. Based on the limitation of registration on the roof and calamity prevention, the study provides a practical mechanism which integrating concrete and solar collectors from energy-saving perspective.
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