台灣官祀關帝廟空間文化的研究

A study on the spatial cultural of official Kuan Di Miao in Taiwan

陳心怡(Sin-Yi Chen)

指導教授 ： 張崑振

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

在儒、釋、道及民間信仰中，關帝各有不同的位階與尊號，有所謂：「儒稱聖、釋稱佛、道稱天尊、三教盡皈依，…漢封侯，宋稱王，明封大帝，歷朝加尊號。」依據《清史稿》記載：「關聖帝君，…歲以5月13日致祭．…增春、秋二祭．洛陽、解州後裔並授五經博士，…11年，增當陽博士1人奉祀。」依此，關帝不僅享有民間祭祀的崇拜，亦享有官方祀典，並可看出中國地區人民信仰關帝的盛況。台灣地區關帝信仰的發展源於明鄭時期，清代建治城池時也多興築官祀關帝廟，其建築和儀式過程皆依中央定制而行。
本研究將以官祀關帝廟為主題，以史料蒐集、田野調查和儀式空間的觀察進行下列研究：
（1） 討論分析清代行政層級制度下官祀關帝廟配置、建築特色、儀式過程與空間，進而瞭解當時台灣地區官祀關帝廟在其中的定位。
（2） 釐清中國和台灣地區關帝信仰的發展，其背後所隱含的象徵與時代意義。
（3） 研究官祀關帝廟的自明性所在，藉由儀式與建築空間的調查瞭解現今台灣關帝廟祭典的空間文化特色。

關鍵字

關帝廟 ； 空間文化 ； 儀式空間 ； 官祀廟宇

並列摘要

In Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and folk faith, Guan Di each has different position and respectful title.As someone has said ：「Confucianism calls him sage, Buddhism calls him Buddha , and Taoism calls him celestial worthy. Three kinds of religious sects all believe in him.… He was promoted to the marquis in Han dynasty, the king in Song Dynasty, and the emperor in Ming Dynasty.Each dynasty confers some respectful title on him.」According to “Draft Ch'ing History”：「Believers offer sacrifices to General Guan Di on May 13 every year, …increase more worship in spring and autumn。And let his descendants act as the doctor in Luo-yang and in Jie Zhou,…till the 11th year,The government increased as a person of the doctor offered sacrifices to in Ching Dynasty.」Since then, not only did the folk worship Guan Di, the official side also offered sacrifices to him, which showed the grand occasion when people believed in Guan Di's in China.
Taiwan's Guan Di Worship has developed since Ming Dynasty when the official side often built official Guan Di Temple while building the city.The style of the building and the process of the ceremony were carried out according to the Central regulations.
The main discussion of this thesis is offical Guan Di Temple.With collected historical data , field investigations ,and the Ritual Space observation,the discussions are as follows：
（1）The first part will discusse the disposition, the character , the process in the ceremony , and the Ritual Space in the offical Guan Di Temple, and further understand the status of the offical Guan Di Temple in Taiwan in Ching Dynasty.
（2）The second part will distinguish the development of the Chinese's and Taiwan's Guan Di Worship, its symbol, and era meaning behind.
（3）The third part will focus on the characteristic in offical Guan Di Temple，by researching architecture and Ritual Space,we can understand the space cultural's characters in Taiwan's Guan Di Temple.

並列關鍵字

Guan Di Miao ； Space cultural ； Ritual space ； Official temple

參考文獻

[4] 李豐楙，中外文學〈第22卷〉〈第三期〉〈由常入非常：中國慶典中的狂文化〉，頁142，1973。

[59] 臺灣銀行經濟研究室編，新竹縣制度考，臺北市：臺灣銀行，1961。

[60] 臺灣銀行經濟研究室編，台灣通志〈第2冊〉，臺北市：臺灣銀行，1962。

[4] 杜美芬，祀孔人文暨禮儀空間之研究─以台北孔廟為例─，中原大學碩士論文，2003。

[10] 黃淑玲，台灣清代官制建築研究，私立中原大學建築學系碩士論文，2001。