局限空間自主檢查模式之建構

Constructing The Self-Check Model on Confined Space

林荻喬(Ti-Chiao Lin)

指導教授 ： 林利國

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

局限空間（confined space）是指勞工在作業場所內部非從事經常性作業，進出方法受限制，且無法以自然通風來維持充分、清淨空氣之空間，容易累積有害、可燃性氣體或造成缺氧狀態。該空間普遍存在於各行業中，其所發生之災害類型相當廣泛，包括：缺氧、中毒、火災、爆炸、機械與其他物理性危害。
國內勞委會為了保障勞工生命安全，對於發生之重大職業災害，規定事業單位必須向檢查機構報告。但在職災調查報告中之災害類型分類、直接原因分類及媒介物分類選項中，並無「局限空間」此一選項，因此自然無從辨識職災事件是否屬於局限空間職災，只能依照職業災害調查報告之災害發生經過內容敘述，以辨別此職災案件是否發生在局限空間內；因此，對於我國局限空間職災之罹災嚴重程度，也無法對其進行調查分析，以建立災害防制對策，造成政府機構、事業單位與勞工輕忽了局限空間作業場所危害之程度。而此一狀況是否來自於現場安全管理上的盲點，使得局限空間作業的安全管理重點並未集中在關鍵點上，忽略了發生問題的時空因素，導致錯失最佳的防護時機，亦或仍有其他不安全狀態，仍是本研究所要探求的課題，以期能為局限空間工作場所之安全管理提供改善的方向，進而得以減少災害事故的發生。
本研究研擬探討國內外局限空間之相關文獻，並針對民國 86 年至97 年間勞委會公佈之重大職業災害實例，逐一判定是否屬於局限空間案例之後再進行分析，以探究事故發生的致災因子，進而歸納出局限空間施工場所安全管理上之需求因子，再針對局限空間相關法令規定與實務需求之差異性，提出自主檢查表之雛型，同時加以應用測試及回饋修正，驗證其自主檢查表之適用性，並藉由本研究建構之局限空間自主檢查表，建置智慧型手機檢查系統，透過智慧型手機與電腦間的傳輸功能，可使安全查核結果不必再以人工方式回存到電腦裡，如此不但可節省時間，資料的正確性亦會大為提升使各管理階層能更清楚安全管理的重點，提供作業主管於施工前做自主檢查，以期能降低國內局限空間的職災發生。

關鍵字

局限空間 ； 自主檢查 ； 缺氧 ； 職業災害

並列摘要

Confined space is a workplace which a labor involved in a internal space where has non-recurrent operations, accesses method are being limited and unable to have ventilation to maintain adequate, and clean air in such space, it is easily accumulated of hazardous, flammable gas or cause hypoxia . The space is common in various industries; it occurs a wide range of disaster types, including: lack of oxygen, poisoning, fire, explosion, mechanical and other physical hazards.
CLA（Council of Labor Affairs） in order to protect labor’s safety, the occurrence of major occupational accidents require relevant units to report to the inspection institution. But then, in the disaster type classification of the disaster investigation report, direct cause classification and intermedium classification option, does not have "confined space" this option, so it is unable to Identify whether the incident of occupational defines confined space work accidents, only according to the occupational hazard survey report describes the contents after a disaster, to identify cases of occupational accident whether this occurred in the confined space; Therefore, the disaster severity of the working disaster in the confined space in our country, cannot conduct investigations in certain situation and to establish a disaster prevention method, cause government agencies, institutions and the labors neglect of the severity of hazards in confined space. But this situation is from the site safety management blind spots, making the confined space operations safety management does not focus on the key point, ignored the space and time factor of a problem, cause to miss the best time of protection; And leave un-safe situation behind, still the subject that needed to be discussed of this research, in order to give a improved direction of safety management of confined workplace to reduce the possibility of incidents happened.
This study investigated on collections of domestic and foreign relative reference documents , and aiming on Council of Labor Affairs announced the summary of major occupational accidents real cases between the year of Republic of China 86 years to 97 years , determine each case whether can be defined as a confined space after analysis, to detect the factors of the incident, and then conclude the requirements factors of the safety management in construction site of confined space, and then targeting on difference between related laws and regulations and practical needs, propose a self-check list prototype, through the results of questionnaires analysis, build a self-check list of confined space mode, at the mean time, testing and feed-back modify are also applied, verify the applicability of self-check list, enable every level of management understand more clearly on the key points of safety management, provide operator a self-check before construction, in order to reduce the work accidents happen in confided space.

並列關鍵字

Confined Space ； Self-Check ； Hypoxia ； Occupational Accident

參考文獻

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