- 學位論文
生物界面活性劑與苯乙醇產量最大化及應用
Optimal Production and Application of Microbial surfactant and 2-Phenylethanol
摘要
多數市售洗髮精內容物皆為化學合成，有低成本、洗淨力強、製作簡單等種種優點，但是對於肌膚較為敏感的使用者會有過於刺激，進而有發炎、紅腫等傷害，另外主要清潔成分「化學界面活性劑」對於生態環境的破壞力不容小覷。此外，化學香精的製作過程亦需要大量的毒化物進行合成，對於人體、環境也會造成傷害。 若上述兩成分改以微生物生產出的天然物質如界面活性素、鼠李醣酯等具高生物相容性、生物降解性的物質來替代清潔劑中的化學界面活性劑；香料方面則改以苯乙醇、香草精等具香味的發酵產物替代，如此對於過敏使用者、環境保護等方面有著莫大的助益。 本研究目的在於更換配方，將有副作用的化學界面活性劑替換成枯草桿菌所產生的生物界面活性素(Surfactin)，同時搭配克魯維酵母所發酵而得的苯乙醇(2-phenylethanol)取代化學香精作為香料，配合其它較為天然的添加物製作成生物洗髮精達到使用者健康又環保的目的。 選定枯草桿菌的最佳培養條件後，產量可達2.6g/L至3.0g/L不等，隨後選用細菌纖維素(Bacteria cellulose)作為固定菌體的載體，以固定化的方式使產量最大化，可使產量提升至約6.8 g/L，載體重複使用次數可達4次，有明顯讓產量提升的效果；同時，酵母決定基本培養條件後，在樹脂和細菌纖維素固定化培養方法同時使用之下，苯乙醇的產量已達6.0 g/L，以上兩者產量皆已達到工業化水準，且培養方式也適合用在工業化大型發酵槽實地操作使用。 使用界面活性素配合其他成分所調製出的洗髮精，外觀和一般市售產品無異。將數種配方給消費者試用後，發現界面活性素僅需10% 即可使頭髮上之油污洗淨，使人感覺比一般洗髮精更清爽、舒適。發酵而得的苯乙醇也僅需使用約產品總量的3% 便可有明顯的香味。就以上數點而論，本實驗所製作出的產品是相當具有工業發展性和市場價值。
並列摘要
The most shampoos we use are chemical synthesis. They are cost less, easy to make and have low surface tension, etc. However, those compounds may cause inflammation,irritation and other bad reaction to people who have senstive skin. Most important of all, the major compounds--chemical surfactants will destroy our ecological environment. Besides, synthesis chemical fragrances need a lot of toxic chemicals which can also damage human body and ecological environment. Both the users and the envioroment can be protected if we use biosurfactants, such as surfactin, rhamnolipid with high biocompatibility and biodegradability substances to replace those chemical surfactants. This study was aimed to replace the chemical surfactants which have side effects with sufactin produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332, and the natural fragrance from 2-phenylethanol(2-PE) which fermented by K. marxianus CBS 600 to replace the chemical flavor. Some natrual substances were also added to this bioshampoo in order to achieve the above objectives. Immobilized culture was used to maximize the surfactin prodction in this study. Under the best culture conditions, the surfactin yeild can reach 2.6 g/L~3.0 g/L. In Immobilized culture, bacterial cellulose(BC) has been used as the immobilized matrix. This method had a very good achievement at increasing product concentration to about 6.8 g/L, and repeated cultivation 5 times. After the yeast basic culture conditions determined, 2-PE yield was increased to 6.0 g/L by use HZ816 resin and BC immobilized culture. The surfactin and 2-PE yield from these two methods above achieve the requirements of industrial production and the operation is suitable for use in large-scale industrial fermentation tank. The bishampoo prepared by surfactin and other ingredients is no different from commercial products. After consumers trial of several recipes, it was found that just 10% usage of surfactin is needed to perfectly clean the hair, and feel fresh and comfortable. Also, it only took 3% of 2-PE to have the significant fragrance. In terms of the above, the products produced by this experiment is proved to have the potential of industrial development and market value.
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