Well-designed icons can be easily and correctly distinguished and comprehended. However, no systematic method was found in previous research for analyzing and assessing the distinguishability and meaningfulness of icons. Recently, an empirical research on this issue has been conducted by applying the independence axiom of the axiomatic design. This study extends it by also applying the information axiom to the design of icons. The results showed that when the best combination of components was used to make up the alarm icons, the uncoupled design was better than the coupled design. Moreover, if the suitability of shape and color increase or decrease simultaneously in the uncoupled design, the information content in the information axiom appears to be an accurate estimate for predicting the degree of correctness for interpreting the icons. The findings could be applied to analyze and evaluate the icon design in alarm systems.
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