地震加速度衰減律公式於橋梁災損評估之應用

the application of attenuation law on earthquake damage estimation to bridges

張永叡(Yung-Jui Chang)

指導教授 ： 施邦築

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00060

摘要

台灣地處環太平洋地震帶，地震活動相當頻繁，因此地震也成為台灣最主要之天然災害之一。然而地震之發生無可避免，如何能將地震所造成之災害降至最低是近年來各相關研究單位一直在致力進行的工作。
每次地震都具有其獨特性，也有諸多不確定因素，如：發生誘因、震源模式及震央所在等，都是影響地震是否造成災情的主要原因。因此，建立一套合理、不失準確且迅速之地震災損評估系統乃是現今一大課題。
本研究蒐集1990年至2003年台灣地區地震規模超越5以上共333筆地震料，對各強地動觀測站進行地震衰減律（Campbell’s form）之迴歸分析，求得各測站之相關參數，作為特定模擬地震引致各地最大地表加速度（PGA）之推估依據。所得結果並與後續多筆實際地震所引致PGA記錄進行比對，結果顯示分析結果可獲得頗佳的精確度。
橋梁為重要的生命線，其災損影響民生經濟甚鉅。近年來，各橋梁管理機關已針對若干橋梁進行詳細耐震能力評估，評估結果可顯現結構性能與PGA之關係，可建立橋梁易損性曲線。結合本研究的分析成果與橋梁易損性曲線，將可快速推估出橋梁結構在某一特定模擬地震發生時之損壞機率，配合橋梁在各種損壞狀態下，改建或補強所需經費與工期等資料庫之建立，將可順利達成橋梁災損評估之目的。本研究可得成果冀能供為國內橋梁地震防災策略訂定參考之用。

關鍵字

易損性曲線 ； 加速度衰減律公式 ； 地震災損評估系統

並列摘要

Taiwan is located on the Circum-Pacific Ocean Seismic Zone, seismic activity is so often that earthquakes become one of the major hazards in Taiwan. Since the occurrence of earthquakes is inevitable and unpredictable, countermeasure for disaster reduction comes to be a realistic and important issue for research institutes as well as administrative organs.
Earth earthquake event has its unique characteristics and uncertainty, for example: the magnitude, pattern, and location of a seismic event are all closely related to the loss. Therefore, establishing a reasonable and accurate method for estimating earthquake losses is a big challenge nowadays.
This research collected seismic data of events with magnitude over 5 from 1990 to 2003 in Taiwan and carried out regression analysis for each strong ground motion station by adopting Campbell’s formula. The resulted station parameters were then used as a basis for estimating peak ground acceleration at any place caused by any scenario earthquake. The estimated results were compared with real data from several events occurred after 2003. Good precision was observed.
The bridge is one of the most important lifelines and it affects people’s daily life deeply. Taiwan’s bridge management authorities already performed detailed inspection for many major bridges to measure their seismic resistant capacity and subsequently establish their fragility curves. Combing the analyses of acceleration attenuation and bridge’s seismic fragility, we can rapidly estimate the damage probability of a bridge in a scenario earthquake event. Then by applying the database of expenditure and time for bridge repairing and reconstruction, we can estimate the economic loss. That should be helpful for formulating countermeasures for earthquake disaster reduction.

並列關鍵字

Frigility Curve ； Attenuation Equation of Ground Acceleration ； Earthquake Loss Estimation System

參考文獻

[8]結構工程55 及56 期，1999，中華民國結構工程學會。

反應譜速估之研究，碩士論文，國立中央大學地球物理研究所。

[31]網路學習資源，國立中央大學應用地質研究所網頁。

盆地的效應，國家地震工程研究中心報告第NCREE-01-016 號。

[42]國家地震工程研究中心（2004），[http://jiji.ncree.gov.tw/]