產品服務系統去物質化情境模擬評估－以國內影印機市場為例

Dematerialization Scenario Simulation of Product Service System - Example of Copy Machine Industry in Taiwan

謝佳宏(Chia-Hung Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 胡憲倫

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2008.00136

摘要

產品服務系統（Product Service System, PSS）最初是由IPP及EPR等概念衍生而來，同時能達到去物質化之目的，因此被視為永續發展之重要工具。為了要讓PSS的環境效益能發揮到極致，實施PSS前之環保性的評估將有其必要性。本研究在比較了各種定量的環境績效系統，採用一套可以量化產品服務系統績效之工具。透過事前的環境績效評估，可以使得企業應用較環保的產品服務系統，以有效減少產品總生產量，進而促使產品環境化設計，並達到產品永續發展之目的。由於目前相關文獻非常有限，因此本研究希望透過評估產品環保性的工具中，篩選出一種適合應用於台灣之評估PSS的工具。
在評估了多種可以量化產品環保性之評估工具後，本研究採用日本學者所發展之物質使用水準（level of material use）作為本文之研究方法。該方法曾用以評估日本電機產品之PSS，並假設電機電子產品之PSS可以有三種不同型態，分別是：非租賃/非再使用系統、傳統再使用系統與租賃系統，以作為模擬之情境假設。透過分析產品系統之使用情況與年度產品需求量（Annual Product Demand, APD），可以探討各個情境下之產品使用情況，並進一步將結果作為整體市場組合之參考，最後從年度產品量需求量瞭解各系統與環境之間的關係及影響。該研究結論指出，欲降低租賃系統之年度產品需求量需滿足三項條件：（1）減少租賃產品的數量；（2）延長租賃產品壽命，使之能與第一手產品的壽命一樣；（3）提高租賃系統中產品之再使用數量。
本研究將此一方法應用於國內的影印機產業，並將模擬的情境增加為九種，以研究各不同產品服務系統模式之環境衝擊。由業者的訪談得知，目前國內影印機市場分佈模式以租賃方式為主，其次為買斷模式，而再次使用需求/再製造為最少。本研究透過物質使用水準評估方法進行情境模擬分析後得知，國內市場的配置方式，會造成環境的高度負荷，但若具市場殘餘價值之產品進入再製造程序，則可大幅提高產品使用效益，因此建議廠商應加強保養及延長產品使用年限，以提升產品商業價值與環境效益。

關鍵字

產品服務系統 ； 去物質化 ； 物質使用水準 ； 年度產品需求量

並列摘要

Product Service System (PSS), a dematerialization concept which derived from European IPP (Integrated Product Policy) and EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility), is considered as an important tool for achieving sustainable development. In order to maximize the benefits of PSS, an effective assessment method which can quantify the environmental benefits of it before its implication will be necessary. PSS assessment and quantizing is considered very difficult because it needs to consider with service situation, and a few reference have talked about it, thus the purpose of this study is to screen a suitable method for using to quantify PSS’s environmental performance in Taiwan.
After comparing various quantitative systems which are considered can be applied to assess the environmental performance of PSS, this research adopted the Level of Material Use method to assess the environmental performance of PSS. This method has been applied in Japan to assess environmental performance of PSS of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE). This method uses the concept of annual products demand (APD) to simulate three systems, non-lease/non-reuse system, conventional reuse system, and lease system. The study concluded that the lease system can reuse more materials, if: (1) the number of leased products is reduced, (2) the lifetime of leased products is extended to that of firstly owned products, and (3) the lease system increases the number of reused products in use.
This study adopted the same method with addition of nine more scenarios and applied to the Taiwan’s copy machine industry to understand the environmental impact of various scenarios. According to the interviews with brand-name copy machine companies and found Taiwan’s market is mainly on leasing, followed by buying; reuse and remanufacturing is the least significant. The result indicates that current copy machine portfolio in Taiwan will create high environmental impact. The way of improving this situation is to increase the proportion of remanufacturing in the portfolio. According to the simulation results, the material use will be greatly reduced by increasing the remanufacturing. Hence, it is suggested that copy machine industry should encourage the remanufacturing in order to reduce the environmental impact.

並列關鍵字

Product Service System (PSS) ； dematerialization ； level of material use ； Annual Product Demand (APD)

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