廢印刷電路板處理及冷陰極燈管拆解技術之研究

A Study of Waste Printed Circuit Board Processing and Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp Dismantling Technology

張震偉(Cheng-Wei Chang)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

冷陰極燈管因具有體型細小、成本低、使用壽命長、發光效率高以及明暗對比較好等優點，故為高科技產品之主流元件。近年來因市場需要量大且有逐步攀升之趨勢，背後潛在的問題便是龐大之廢棄物量，冷陰極燈管因含汞故處理不易，拆解時有汞蒸氣溢散的發生，需經適當的處理方能將之資源化及無害化。
現階段國內僅針對廢印刷電路板及冷陰極燈管進行拆解處理，尚未制定規範，鑒於印刷電路板破碎分選設備之處理成效及廠內規範，遂針對廢資訊物品之破碎分選設備效能進行評估，就粉碎分選設備提升要素，提出受補貼業者提升處理技術之建議及成效標準；並作為日後廠內管理規範參考之依據。冷陰極燈管含汞故處理不易，拆解時會有汞蒸氣溢散的發生，對於冷陰極燈管拆解設備標準為需設有抽氣櫃裝置或局部排氣裝置，且必須維持負壓狀態，以避免當冷陰極燈管斷裂時，汞蒸氣外洩於環境中，透過抽氣裝置收集汞蒸氣，並經活性碳過濾裝置，捕捉廢氣中的汞，防止汞逸散於環境中。
依據實廠檢測結果；1.印刷電路板：靜電分選效益，經推算分選後金屬物含銅率約84.1%、非金屬物含銅率約25.3%，依計算可得分選後金屬物含銅量佔總含銅量比例約45.4%，分選後非金屬物含銅量佔總含銅量比例54.4%；磁選設施，因未能有效分成金屬物料及非金屬物料，金屬物含銅率為26.7%，因此可推斷靜電分選之效能遠大於磁力分選。2.冷陰極燈管：於檢測拆解工作區環境中汞逸散
的濃度，另探討有無拆解設施是否影響勞工安全衛生部分及過濾後是否會影響空氣污染防制之標準濃度。經檢測可得實廠作業環境檢測值0.015 mg/m3、0.018 mg/m3遠低於勞工安全衛生及空氣污染防制之0.05 mg/m3標準濃度。

關鍵字

印刷電路板 ； 冷陰極燈管 ； 逸散濃度 ； 處理效益

並列摘要

Cold cathode fluorescent lamp is found with the advantages of small size, low cost, long span of endurability, high luminous efficiency, and better light and dark contrast. Therefore, it has become the mainstream component for high-tech products. In recent year, since the demand for it is great there is an increasing trend of need for it, while the hidden and potential problem would be the massive amount of waste. Due to the fact that cold cathode fluorescent lamp contains mercury and it is, therefore, difficult for processing. When dismantled, there will be occurrence of emission with mercury vapor, it would take suitable processing before it can be turned into resource from any harm.
For the time being, our country has only focused on dismantling processing for waste PCB and cold cathode flourescent lamp, and has not yet formulated any regulations. In view of the fact that processing effectiveness and plant regluations on crush sorting equipment for PCB, it has, therefore, placed stress on the effectiveness of crush sorting equipment for waste information product to carry out evaluation. Then, it will, based on the enhancement elements for crush sorting equipment, put forth suggestions of processing technology and effectiveness criteria with the subsidized operators, which can then be used as reference for management regulations within the plant in the future. As a matter of fact, it is difficult to process cold cathode flourescent lamp because it contains mercury, and there will be occurrence of emission of mercury vapor during dismantling. Thus, the criteria for dismantling equipment of cold cathode flourescent lamp would be installation of exhcaust cabinet devce or loca exhaust device, and it has to kept in status of negative pressure to avoid leakage of emission of mercury vapor into the environmnt when cold cathode flourescent lamp fractures. Through exhaust device, it can collect mercury vapor and be filtered with active carbon, catching mercury from waste gas to avoid proliferation of mercury into the environment.
Based on examination results at the site of plant, (1) PCB: sorting effectiveness of static power, and it is found after sorting metals contained include copper rate about 84.1% and copper rate as about 25.3% with non-metal items. After calculation, the ratio of copper rate among the total copper rate from metals after sorting is about 45.4%, while the ratio of copper rate among the total copper rate from non-metal items after sorting is about 54.4%. Of magnetic separation facility, since it cannot effectively separate metallic and non-metallic materials, copper rate among metallic items is 26.7%. Hence, it can be inferred that sorting effectiveness with static power is far greater than that by magnetic power. (2) Cold cathode fluorescent lamp: inspection for concentration of emitted mercury in the environment of working area of dismantling, it will, further, investigate if the dismantling facility will affect safety and hygiene of labor worker, and if it will affect the standard of concentration for prevention of air pollution. As inspected and measured with the detection value of the operation environment at the plant, it is found as 0.015 mg/m3 and 0.018 mg/m3, and they are far
lower than 0.05 mg/m3 standard of safety and hygiene for labor worker and prevention of air pollution.

並列關鍵字

Printed Circuit-Board ； Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp ； Emission Concentration ； Processing Effectiveness

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