發光二極體物質流佈與再生利用技術之研究

A Study on the Material Flow and Recycling Technology of Light Emitting Diode

伍南勳(Nan-Hsun Wu)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

臺灣電子科技業蓬勃發展，綠色能源產業也嶄露頭角，目前台灣大力推動發光二極體(LED)產業發展，2009年產值更高達新台幣623億元，由於LED應用層面相當廣泛，且具有不同於傳統光源之多種優點，未來製造量及使用後廢棄量將大幅增加，因此，調查國內發光二極體物質流佈為刻不容緩之議題。
本研究以物質流分析觀點，主要調查物質進入一系統內之流動情形，及從系統輸出至另一系統過程，透過行政院環保署「全國事業廢棄物管制系統」、財政部關稅總局及經濟部國貿局「中華民國進出口貿易統計系統」三大系統查詢結果為依據，針對台灣地區LED晶粒以及封裝LED進行物質流佈調查推估，結果顯示，2009年LED晶粒廢棄量為3,039 kg/y，再依產業廢棄物產出比例推估LED晶粒境外輸出量為 70 kg/y；外銷量推估方式則以製造量減去廢棄量再扣除內銷量，經計算推估2009年LED晶粒共有31,321 kg/y輸出。2009年封裝發光二極體進口量為1,014,956 kg/y ，出口量為2,477,043 kg/y；總製造量為 6,317,507 kg/y，廢棄量為 473,813 kg/y。依據質量平衡模式可推估2009年具資源化潛力之市場內銷量，經計算共有 4,381,607 kg/y之封裝LED流佈於市場內。
目前台灣尚無處理廢棄發光二極體能力之機構，故本研究建置廢棄發光二極體資源化再利用實驗，提供給相關事業機構或主管機關參考，實驗主軸有二，回收貴重金屬及製造環氧樹脂及聚氯乙烯複合材料，首先以儀器進行實驗前之成分分析，測試合適之前處理方式，發光二極體經磁選後發現非磁性材料中含有貴金屬金，磁性材料中含有貴金屬銀及鎵，針對不同金屬測試溶出參數，實驗結果顯示，100%之王水可在60分鐘內將黃金溶出90.00%，並在80分鐘時達到93.62%之最佳溶出效率。3M之硝酸在固液比1:10並輔以超音波震盪之條件下，反應至60分鐘銀和鎵之溶出可分別達到96.46%及32.29%。另將溶出後之環氧樹脂與聚氯乙烯製成複合材料，當複合材料中環氧樹脂取代量為20%時，其抗折強度較未取代時高，當取代量為60%時吸水率較好，複合材料具無毒、抗折強度高及吸水率高之優點，使得廢棄之環氧樹脂也可獲得再利用。

關鍵字

發光二極體 ； 物質流佈 ； 再生利用 ； 複合材料

並列摘要

The electronics technology industry is blooming in Taiwan. The green energy industry is also emerging, Taiwan vigorously promote the light-emitting diode (LED) industry in 2009 and production value reached NT 62.3 billion. Because, LED industry has many advantages widely used in many products different from traditional light sources. Then production volume and the amount of waste in future will increase substantially. Therefore, investigating the material flow of domestic light-emitting diodes is an important issue to be discussed.
This study used material flow analysis (MFA) to investigate a system of material flow within the case, and the output from the system to another system process. The data was based on three government organizations including Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), "National Industrial Waste Control Systems ", Directorate General of Customs and, Bureau of foreign Trade, "Republic of China Import and Export Trade Statistics System", the study could survey and estimate on LED chip and packaging LED in Taiwan. The results showed that the amount of waste LED chips was 3,039 kg/y in 2009. According to proportion of industrial waste production. the study could estimate the amount of oversea output was 70 kg / y. In this study, The study could estimate amount of exporting by manufacturing deducted from the wasting and the domestic, then The study could calculate the amount of exporting LED chip was 31,321 kg/y in 2009. It found that 1,014,956 kg/y of package LED had been imported in 2009, and 2,477,043 kg/y had been exported. The amount of manufacturing was 6,317,507 kg/y and the amount of waste was 473,813 kg/y in 2009. The study could estimate the amount of market domestic from mass balance. The study could calculate a total of 4,381,607 kg/y of the LED package and spread in the market in 2009.
There haven’t recycled the LED waste without any institutions in Taiwan, The study will build recycling the experiments waste LED and the study hope it can be consult with the competent authorities and institutions. The experiment has two important topics. Recycling precious metals, and manufacturing the composite materials of Epoxy Resin and PVC. First, the study shall choose the instrument to analysis before the experiment. Then, testing the best way to pre-treatment. When LED is used to magnetic separation. The non-magnetic materials contain the precious metals Aurum, and the magnetic materials contain the precious metals Silver and Gallium. Then it can test the stripping parameters for different metals. According to the result in this research, the dissolution efficiency of Aurum was 90% by using 100% of aqua regia in 60 minute. The study could get the best dissolution efficiency of Aurum was 93.62% in 80 minute. The dissolution efficiency of Silver and Gallium was 96.46% and 32.29% by using 3M nitric acid in 80 minute. The study was also manufactured the composite materials by remaining Epoxy Resin and PVC. The flexural strength is higher than without replacement. When the composite materials to replace percentages of 20, and it would get better water absorption when the substitution percentages of 60. The composite material had the advantages of non-toxic, water absorption, high bending strength and the Epoxy Resin could be reuse.

並列關鍵字

Light Emitting Diode ； Material Flow ； Recycling ； Composite Materials

參考文獻

[31] 孔惠雯，高科技產業含汞燈管流佈與管理之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學，臺北，2006。

[2] 陳烱力，物質流分析應用於臺灣薄膜液晶顯示面板之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學，臺北，2008。

[58] 廖原葟，台灣地區太陽能電池與太陽能板流佈與管理之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學，臺北，2007。

[33] Rene Kleijn, Ester van der Voet, Material Flow Accounting, Paper presented at the NTVA 4 th Seminar on Industrial Ecolog, 2001, pp14-15.

[57] 臺灣經濟研究院 產銷存統計，http://tie.tier.org.tw/index.asp.