逃生指引於地下捷運車站人類避難行為之研究

A Study of Guides on Human Evacuation Behaviors in MRT Underground Stations

陳鼎林(Ding-Lin Chen)

指導教授 ： 林正平

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2008.00206

摘要

台北市大眾捷運系統，其每日旅客人次達90萬人次，造成地下車站人口流動量龐大。而以交通部運輸研究所之統計：都會區軌道運輸災害事故發生率中以火災為發生率最高、人命傷亡眾多、及危害程度嚴重的災害。其中以軌道運輸系統中地下交通設施之火災意外，被認為具有較高的公共危險性及社會成本嚴重損失的潛在危害，因此，其地下車站火災安全設計、防救災及避難系統上，係政府主管機關持續努力研究與改進的重要課題之一。
本研究將國內外學者專家，對於火災避難中人類行為之文獻，進行探討與歸納；並藉由動態規劃方式，規劃出地下捷運站火災避難動線。由避難動線與人類行為進行探討，彙整出地下捷運站火災時避難人員，所會產生的四種避難行為。利用問卷型式探討此四種行為，由AHP的方式計算相互權重，及逃生指引後這些權重所產生的變化。了解四種避難行為的權重後，可計算出各逃生出口及路徑將有多少避難者，及逃生指引後所產生的改變。藉由案例的模擬後，探討地下捷運站的安全性。本研究發現人員會因所處的地下捷運站，環境熟悉度、位置等因素的不同，而使避難行為產生改變，但可藉由逃生指引使人員尋找較理性的方式避難，並縮短避難的時間。

關鍵字

地下捷運 ； 逃生指引 ； 人類行為 ； 火災避難

並列摘要

There are as high as nine hundred thousand people in Taipei MRT so that ridership counts are huge. According to the statics of the Ministry of Communications, among the modern track trajectory transportation disaster, “fire” causes the most damages and the formation rate is the highest. Because the fire are considered as one of the higher society cost damage, the fire asylum design in the underground station and how to build a complete design guards to against rescues disasters are important topics for the government and authorized concerned.
First of all, this dissertation will generalize and discuss the literatures of human behaviors in fire of domestic and foreign scholars. At the same time, by discussing the fire route and human behaviors, we could compress four fire refuge ways. Then, in order to realize every exit and refuge path can accommodate how much survivors as well as the influence with refuge guide, in the study questionnaire and AHP were employed and also calculate mutual percentages. The data was collected via a questionnaire survey from students, passengers, and people who live in Taipei. Finally, this article will analyze several conclusions about the safety in the underground station through computer modeling to confirm this study’s basic perceived value model.
In the research, we could discover that survivors do change their behaviors and decisions depending on the factors of familiarity of fire environment and location. Similarly, the refuge guiding could conduct the crowds to seek rational ways to save their life and abridge the refuge time.

並列關鍵字

MRT ； refuge guide ； human behavior ； seek asylum in the fir

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