移動感測網路中基於模糊邏輯系統之改良式群集簇頭選擇演算法

An Improved Cluster Head Selection Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic System for Mobile Sensor Networks

鄧芝琳(Chih-Lin Teng)

指導教授 ： 李俊賢

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

近年來，越來越多感測網路之探勘應用於移動式的網路架構。感測節點在移動的環境中，進行大量的訊息收集、交換和處理。然而，傳統靜態的路由協定若是直接運用到移動式的感測網路中，會因為感測節點的移動，造成群集內沒有簇頭(cluster head, CH)的情形，以及網路拓樸需要不斷被重建，導致訊息在傳輸的過程中大量遺失等情況發生。現有的移動感測網路之簇頭選擇法中，雖然有針對移動節點速度以及能源作為選擇的考量，但沒有考慮移動模型中的暫停時間，還是有可能造成節點較多的變動性。所以，在這種需要考慮多種因素的情況下，透過模糊推論來取代較難的數學模型建構，進而產生推論結果，達到修正目標。
因此，本文以低能源自適應性群集階層式路由演算法(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, LEACH)為基礎來改良，提出在移動式感測網路中透過模糊邏輯推論的機制，進行群集簇頭的選擇。在設定狀態時，同時考慮候選節點的剩餘能源、目前節點的速度和暫停時間作為模糊邏輯系統之輸入，選出的CH擁有較高的剩餘能源和較低的移動性，並且在這種不確定性較高的移動式環境中，擁有較佳的適應性和強健性。此外，透過我們所設定的競爭半徑控制群集之大小，避免群集數量過多或太近，造成不必要的能源浪費，從而減少能源的損耗。故本文所提出的改良式群集簇頭選擇演算法，經由實驗模擬結果，可有效提高封包傳遞率以及提升網路的存活時間。

關鍵字

無線感測網路 ； 階層式路由演算法 ； 簇頭選擇 ； 移動性 ； 模糊推論

並列摘要

In recent years, more and more exploration of sensor networks are used in mobile network architecture. In the mobile environment, sensor nodes collect large amount of information, exchange and process. However, if the traditional static routing protocol was directly used in the mobile sensor networks, there will be no cluster head (CH) within the cluster because mobile sensor nodes and the network topology need to be rebuilt constantly to result in losing large number of messages from the process. In the existing cluster head selection method of mobile sensor network, although the mobile nodes did consider the energy and speed as the selected consideration, it does not consider the pause time of mobile model that may cause more variability. Therefore, under the situation which we consider the variety of factors, we use fuzzy inference to replace the difficult mathematical model and produce corollary to revise the target.
Hence, by based on the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), this paper suggests fuzzy logic inference mechanism in mobile sensor networks to select the CH for cluster. In the set-up phase, this research take the residual energy of candidate nodes, the current node speed and pause time into account as the input. By using the above to elect the CH, it has a high energy and low mobility. In this unstable mobile environment, the above factors would provide better adaptability and robustness. In addition, through setting competitive radius to control the size of the cluster, it can avoid the cluster getting too much or too close to cause unnecessary waste of energy and reduce energy consumption. According to simulation results, the proposed improved CH selection mechanism in mobile sensor networks can effectively improve the packet delivery ratio and enhance network’s life time.

並列關鍵字

Wireless Sensor Network ； Hierarchical Network Routing Algorithm ； Cluster Head Selection ； Mobility ； Fuzzy Reasoning

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