台灣65歲以上人口有37%為健康良好,59%為健康不佳但可獨立生活(胡明霞,1998)。事實上,大多數的「高齡者」皆能夠,也希望能獨立生活。其中,失去行動(mobility)能力是造成「高齡者」無法獨立生活的主要原因,且「高齡者」失去行動能力的絕大因素是以跌倒(佔20.5%)(行政院衛生署國民健康局,2005)及疾病為主。根據統計65歲以上的「高齡者」每年約有三分之一發生跌倒(譚健民,2009),有70%的跌倒是在家裡發生,其中又以浴室與廁所是居家生活中最容易發生跌倒事件的場所(謝昌成、蔡坤維、劉鎮嘉,2007)。 本研究分析「高齡者」進行如廁、盥洗與沐浴時的行動(mobility)與姿態(gesture),歸納出行走、跨高、轉身、彎腰、坐/站姿變換與上肢活動等六項行動。且進行這六種行動的過程所產生的問題,包含:1.失去平衡、2.肌力不足與3.姿態困難。透過適當的輔助措施,應該得以改善這些的困難,並避免在衛浴空間中發生跌倒的事故。因此,本研究透過現有衛浴輔助產品的彙整探討,分析各項產品所能提供上述輔助需求的功能特色,將其應用於設計中,並以精簡、美觀與自然的方式,依照平價住宅大眾化的1.5坪(270cmX180cm)衛浴空間進行全家不同年齡使用者皆能接受的通用衛浴空間輔助裝置設計。 最後,透過專家學者對本研究提出的輔助裝置設計進行驗證評估。其結果顯示輔助裝置能滿足不同年齡族群在衛浴空間進行如廁、盥洗、沐浴、行走等行動與姿態之需求,其中包括: (一)定點執行彎腰、轉身、起身與坐下的姿態變換輔助與(二) 行走及跨高之平衡輔助。
Among population aged over 65 years old in Taiwan, 37% of older people are in good health, 59% are in poor health, but can live independently (Hu Ming-Xia, 1998). In fact, older people want and hope to live independently. However, losing mobility is the main reason that causes older people being inactive, and is caused mainly by falling (20.5%) (Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, R.O.C. (Taiwan), 2005) and disease. According to statistics, one-third of older population experience falls every year (Tan Jian-min, 2009), while 70% of falls are occur at Home, in which the bathroom and toilet is the most dangerous place. (Xie Chang-cheng, Cai Kun-wei, Liu Zhen-jia, 2007). This study analyzed the actions and gestures of older people when using basin, toilet and shower, and summarized in six mobility types including: walking, crossing a high, turning around, bend over, stand/sit transform and upper limbs movements. Problems were found in commencing six mobility types, including: losing balance, muscle weakness and posture difficulties. Through appropriate measures, these problems can be improved and then, accidents of falling should be avoidable. Therefore, this study employed the assistant features of existing products to a proposed bathroom design of 1.5 Ping (270cmX180cm). In the end, an assessment was carried out by interviewing experts of usability and universal design. The assistive function of “universal assistive devices in bathroom” was validated.
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