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  • 學位論文

微胞特性分析對微胞輔助薄膜系統 (MEUF) 結合電透析程序回收含鉻廢水之影響

Impact of micellar characteristics on chromate recovery from wastewater by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration combined with membrane electrodialysis.

指導教授 : 陳孝行

摘要


本研究使用陽離子界面活性劑十六烷基三甲基溴化銨 (CTAB) 以微胞輔助超過濾法 (Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration, MEUF) 結合電透析程序 (Membrane electrodialysis) 處理電鍍廢水並將 Cr(VI) 回收再利用,目的主要為探討界面活性劑微胞之物理特性對此技術之影響,並提升電透析程序回收 Cr(VI) 之效率。 本研究測量不同濃度 CTAB 微胞之粒徑,並推估出微胞粒徑與濃度間之方程式,且本研究經過薄膜孔徑及微胞物理特性 (微胞粒徑及微胞吸附力) 之考量,選定 [CTAB] / [Cr(VI)] = 3 為微胞最佳結合參數。 尋找適合微胞操作之操作壓力,當操作壓力從 80 psi 提升至 90 psi,Cr(VI) 與 CTAB 之截留率都有下降之趨勢,主要原因為 CTAB 微胞被破壞,變成大量單體而通過薄膜到濾液端,故將 80 psi 訂為本研究最大操作壓力;且在薄膜長時間操作下,薄膜操作壓力 80 psi、[CTAB] / [Cr(VI)] = 3、pH = 3,Cr(VI) 截留效率最高可達 97.74%;離子競爭效應部分,當溶液中同時存在兩個負電性離子時,負二價離子與 Cr(VI) 之競爭效應比負一價離子之競爭效應強。 電透析程序中,提升薄膜操作壓力、系統體積濃縮比、電流密度及添加電解鹽於電透析廢水槽中,其 Cr(VI) 回收效率皆會上升;當薄膜操作壓力 80 psi、系統體積濃縮比為 95%、電流密度 30 mA / cm2、0.1 M NaCl,於操作時間 360 min 後,Cr(VI) 回收效率可達 78.73%。經多元迴歸統計分析,結果顯示電流密度、電解鹽 NaCl 濃度及系統體積濃縮比對 Cr(VI) 回收效率有顯著之影響力。

並列摘要


Recovering the surfactant and the chromate from the spent plating solution was proposed using a two-stage process: (1) concentration by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration and (2) separation by electrodialysis (ED).The purpose is to discuss the impact of micellar characteristics on the technology and try to increase the chromate recovery rate by electrodialysis. The micelle size of different CTAB concentration was measured in this study, and estimated a formula about micelle size and surfactant concentrations. [CTAB] / [chromate] = 3 were select for best parameter of micelle by consider the membrane pore size and micellar characteristics (micelle size and micelle adsorption). Search for the membrane pressure suited to the micelles, the results showed that when the operating pressure changes from 80 psi to 90 psi, the rejection of chromate and CTAB had a downward trend. It showed that the CTAB micelles destroyed into a large number of monomer, and passed through the membrane to the permeate side. So 80 psi as the maximum pressure was setted in this study. The chromate removal efficiency can reach 97.74% under operation pressure 80 psi, [CTAB]/[ chromate] = 3, pH = 3, after long time operation. In the ionic competition effect, when there were two anions in the solution simultaneously, the affect of the divalent anion was greater than the monovalent anion. In the electrodialysis procedures, the chromate recovery efficiency were enhanced by increase the membrane operation pressure, system volume ratio, current density, and add electrolytes salt in electrodialysis wastewater tank. The experiment condition was under operation pressure 80 psi, [CTAB]/[ chromate] = 3, current density 30 mA/cm2, 0.1 M NaCl, then the chromate recovery efficiency will reached 78.73%, after 360 minutes. After Statistical multivariate regression analysis, the current density and the concentration of salt and system volume ratio have statistical significant effect to chromate recovery efficiency, but the other parameters were weaker for influence.

參考文獻


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