版底空隙灌漿與灌漿量之分析

國內機場跑滑道多採剛性鋪面型式，因剛性鋪面比柔性鋪面有較佳的抗剪力、耐候性且使用壽命較長維修率低。若剛性鋪面未受良好的維護方式，容易因版塊間的接縫密封性不足使地表水滲入，在交通反覆載重作用下，累積於版塊與級配料層之間的水份(自由水)，沿著版塊的接縫或裂縫處噴濺出來形成唧水，使版塊下方形成局部掏空。版塊下方的局部掏空，將造成版塊下方的承載力不均，使版塊產生懸臂效應，當飛機再次經過時，便造成版塊斷裂及損壞的情形。國內機場跑滑道鋪面長期受到天候及飛機起降載重衝擊的磨損，多數已到達維修之年限。考量強化版塊之承載力、延長版塊使用年限、版塊全數翻修之成本及降低對交通營運之衝擊，進行剛性鋪面版底灌漿工法明顯較適合，由於剛性鋪面版底灌漿之相關規範尚未標準化，也無任何方法推估所需的版底灌漿量，造成預算編列問題。本文之研究內容分為三大部分，（一）剛性鋪面狀況指數(PCI)分析：本研究依剛性鋪面狀況指數規範，針對案例機場版塊進行詳細調查，並分區紀錄各版塊的損壞類型及嚴重程度。探討版塊損壞類型及造成的版塊損壞的原因，進一步計算分析。（二）剛性鋪面版底灌漿：針對施灌的版塊進行灌漿孔位佈設，透過試驗灌漿的經驗選用適當之機具與監測系統，以單環塞工法進行灌漿，填塞版塊底下之空隙。（三）非破壞性檢測：於灌漿前後採用透地雷達進行全範圍的非破壞性檢測掃描研判版底狀況。針對剛性鋪面狀況調查、透地雷達檢測及版底灌漿結果，分析版底損壞狀況對灌漿所產生的影響，探討預估剛性鋪面版底灌漿灌漿量之可行性，及鋪面狀況指數(PCI)與灌漿量間的相互關係。

關鍵字

剛性鋪面損壞指數；版底灌漿；透地雷達

並列摘要

Most of the airport runway is rigid pavement type in our country, because the shear force, weather resistance, long life, and maintenance of rigid pavements are better than flexible pavements. Under bad maintenance, the surface water will infiltrate through the joints between plates due to insufficient sealing, and after repeated traffic loading, the water accumulated between plates and granular gradation layer will splash out along the seams or cracks on plates and empty the bottom of plates partially. The eroded caves beneath the plates will result in uneven bearing capacity and cantilever effect, so when the plane through again may cause breakage and damage on the plates. Most of highways and rigid pavements in Taiwan are beyond their service life due to the impact of weather and aircraft taking off and landing loads for a long time. Considering strengthening the bearing capacity of plates, extending the useful life of plates, the cost of the renovation of the entire area and reduce the impact on traffic operations, slab stabilization is obviously a better way for improving their bearing capability under usage. This study mainly includes three major parts, 1) the analysis of Pavement Condition Index (PCI) of rigid pavements, 2) field slab stabilization, and 3) field non-destructive test. In this study, according to a rigid pavement condition index specification, field airport runway pavements will be under detailed investigations including the records and discussion of types and severity of damage in each plate, and further computational analysis. Ground penetration radar is utilized for detecting possible voids underneath slabs, and grout tubes, equipped with single packer, are thus installed to inject grout for undersealing. To examine and validate the grouting performance, estimate the feasibility of slab stabilization, and investigate the relationship between PCI and grout take, the results from ground penetration radar are compared with those obtained before slab stabilization.