由於工商業快速發展,市區道路及人行道面積在都市化過程中佔相當的比例。但大都會地區之道路及人行道鋪面設計時一般皆以堅固耐用為主要考量,造成與地下土壤完全隔絕的不透水層。 都市不透水面積的增加,造成地表逕流量增加,縮短洪水到達時間;此外亦阻礙地表降溫能力,使得都市熱島效應日趨嚴重,間接影響人類生活環境。因此,如何有效增加都市透水面積儼然成為當前重要課題之一,而透水性鋪面之廣泛舖築正是解決此問題有效方法之一。 目前國內學者在透水性鋪面的材料、結構、透水性能等方面進行了大量研究工作,但缺乏透水性鋪面在水質入滲過程中對污染物的阻滯削減作用方面的研究,通過路面結構來減少高負荷污染的道路逕流水淨化水體的污染程度,將是解決公路蓬勃發展帶來的水體污染問題的解決方法之一。因此本研究模擬經降雨後產生公路逕流水,由洩水坡排放至周邊入滲至人行道透水鋪面,入滲舖面各材料層過程中,各層水體於實驗室分析化驗各水質項目(SS、TP、NH3-N、COD),分析透水鋪面系統對於污染的淨化能力,並能得知其透水係數。 研究成果得知,依各地區使用需求將透水鋪面分為入滲型與貯留型兩種鋪面系統,綜合污染削減能力,貯留型系統SS:67.7%、NH3-N:73.8%、COD:68.4%、TP:61.4%;入滲型系統SS:89.0%、NH3-N:72.2%、COD:75.1%、TP:74.4%, 去污能力以入滲型系統較佳;本試驗選用兩種環保磚與一種水泥磚組合透水鋪面進行試驗,三種透水磚皆對於污染的攔阻成效顯著,其中以廢玻璃再製透水磚對於NH3-N及SS之削減能力最佳;透水鋪面材料以透水磚、砂、碎石及卵石做為濾材,以砂層對於道路逕流污染有最好的削減能力。
Since the rapid development of industry and commerce, urban roads and sidewalks account for a considerable proportion of the urbanization process. But the roads and sidewalks in metropolitan areas generally design with rugged materials for the main considerations, lead to a impermeable layer that completely isolated with underground soil. The increase of impermeable area in the city, resulting in the increase of the surface runoff wate and shorten the arrival time of flood; In addition, it also hinder the ability of surface to become cooler, and make the urban heat island effect worse, and indirectly affect the living environment of human beings. Therefore, how to effectively increase the permeable pavement area in the city become one of the important issues currently. The extensive paving of permeable pavement is one of the effective methods to solve this problem. Nowadays scholars do lots of researching works on materials、structures、and permeability of permeable pavement, but lack of the study for blocking and reduction of pollutants in the process of water infiltration in permeable pavement, through the pavement structure to decrease the degree of purification of high pollution load surface runoff, that would be one of the solutions to solve water pollution problem that brings by highway booming. Therefore, this study simulates the generation of the road runoff after rainfall, it discharges from drain slope to the surroundings then infiltrates to permeable pavement sidewalks, in the process of infiltrating to each pavement material layers, the laboratory analysis of water quality in each layer tests on each project (SS, TP, NH3-N, COD), and getting its permeability coefficient. Conclusion, the usage according to the needs of each region will be divided into “infiltration permeable pavement” type and “storing” type two kinds of pavement system. Comprehensive pollution reduction capability, storing systems SS: 67.7%, NH3-N: 73.8%, COD: 68.4%, TP: 61.4%; infiltration systems SS: 89.0%, NH3-N: 72.2%, COD: 75.1% , TP: 74.4%, For the experiment that we choose two kinds of green bricks and cement combined into permeable pavement. For all three types of permeable brick significantly hinder the pollution. Among remanufactured permeable bricks, which made by waste glass has the best reduction capability to NH3-N and SS. Permeable paving materials are made by permeable bricks, sand, gravel and pebbles as a filter, and sand has the best reduction capability for road runoff pollution.
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