我國未來汽油車第四期排放污染法規之研析

Study of the Development of Future Stage 4 Gasoline Vehicle Emissions Standards in Taiwan

黃天助(Tien-Chu Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃崇能

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

國人對於環境意識已普遍的提昇，對於環境品質之要求日益殷切，而由於國內汽機車數量逐年成長，加上生活型態的變化及道路不斷的開闢，人口的分布有逐漸都市化的傾向。使得主要都會區的交通問題益形嚴重，交通工具排放廢氣所造成的環境污染，亦日漸受到民眾的重視。也因此，如何降低車輛的污染排放，減少民眾置身於交通工具的污染中，進而提高民眾居住的環境品質，已成了政府施政刻不容緩的問題。目前環保署依照預定進度，已陸續完成機車及柴油車第四期排放污染管制標準之修訂。現階段更著重於汽油車第四期排放污染管制標準之推動。
而國際間車輛各種管制法規包括污染、耗能、安全等，皆已有日漸調和之趨勢，車輛污染管制部分，目前以世界最大汽車銷售市場--美國，該聯邦政府所訂定的Tier 2管制制度；以及世界上最多國家引用的歐盟ECE車輛排放污染管制制度，為兩大主流。
在參考世界主要排放管制制度並考量國內環境與產業需求，加嚴管制標準，以降低排放污染。並配合國內車輛相關管制規定，且考量國際法規調和與WTO協議，以求一致性。最後也顧及國內車輛產業經濟效益。以訂定我國未來汽油車四期排放管制標準。
經多方收集彙整分析並進行研究測試後，與學者專家及車輛業者多次討論研商，且交換意見。最後規劃出我國汽油車第四期污染排放管制標準之草案，其特點為：(1).污染排放管制標準加嚴。(2).耐久里程與保證期限延長。(3).管制對象的範圍擴大。(4).小型客、貨車採用同一污染管制標準。(5).增加管制項目---車上診斷系統測定。(6).污染管制項目及測試項目僅作小幅修訂。(7).可遵循美國Tier 2或EU 4標準。
以目前所規劃之草案，未來汽油車對於有害人體的HC及NOx會有更顯著的減量。而在延長汽油車的排放控制系統有效使用期限上，將OBD系統納入使用中車輛全程的管制範圍內，對於未來使用中汽油車的污染改善將更為可觀。

關鍵字

排放污染 ； 歐盟行車型態 ； 美國行車型態

並列摘要

The public awareness of environmental issues is increasing and the better air quality is increasingly in request. As the motor vehicle quantity in Taiwan grows up year by year, the variety of road and the living type develops continuously, the distribution of population is trending toward urbanization. For this reason, the traffic of metropolis is getting heavier, and the air pollution from motor vehicles is regarded as a serious problem. Therefore, how to reduce the vehicle exhaust pollution to improve the air quality in Taiwan has been an urgent problem that the government has to deal with. According to schedule, the R.O.C EPA has implemented “Amendment of Stage 4 Motorcycle and Diesel Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards.”At the moment, the emphasis is upon the promotion of “Stage 4 Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards.”
The vehicle control standards for all advanced countries, including the pollution, the consumption and the security etc, are on the trend of harmonization. At present there are two principal systems of the vehicle emission standards in the world. The first one is the US Tier 2 standard from the biggest automobile market all over the world – United States. The second one is EU ECE vehicle emission standard that being used by most countries.
Referring to the main emission-related regulations throughout the world, and considering the domestic environment and vehicle industry requirements, proposes to enhance the pollution control standard to lower the vehicle exhaust emission. We have also conformed to Taiwan vehicle related regulations, international regulations and WTO agreements, and considered the domestic vehicle industry economic cost effectiveness to set up Taiwan Stage 4 emission standards.
We have collected emission-related regulations throughout the world, analyzed the tests, and discussed many times with experts and vehicle stakeholders to set up the draft of the 4th stage gasoline vehicle emission standards for Taiwan. This emission standard includes the following features:(1). The emission standards will be stricter.(2). The durable mileage and guarantee term will be extended.(3). The range of control vehicle will be enlarged.(4). The same emission standards will be used for both small-scale passenger cars and trucks.(5). OBD system requirements will be implemented.(6). Minor amendments will be implemented. (7). Comply with Tier 2 or Euro 4.
According to the present draft, the vehicle exhaust HC and NOx emissions which are hazardous to the human health will reduce much more obviously. As to the extension of valid term of gasoline exhaust control system, the implementation of OBD system requirements will provide a great improvement of in-use vehicle pollutants.

並列關鍵字

emission ； New European Driving Cycle ； Federal Test Procedure-1975

參考文獻

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