我國因應溫室氣體污染排放問題,而研議提升再生能源推廣目標並加速推動。因此,經濟部能源局對設置太陽光電發電系統者,提供設置費用50%補助費用,但現今太陽能發電成本仍高於一般市電成本,從89年推廣至96年3月個人住宅申請只有16件,推廣成效不彰。我國溫室氣體排放策略,除推廣再生能源外,並於民國95年提出溫室氣體減量法草案總說明,希望透過立法途徑來進行溫室氣體之減量,顯示將來可能建立碳稅制度,藉由對排放溫室氣體之污染源課徵排放稅,反應環境成本達溫室氣體減量之效果。目前台灣電力約75%為火力發電,且火力發電裝置容量逐年增加,若施行碳稅政策時,電價將反應環境成本而提高,使未來太陽能發電系統具有潛在經濟效益價值。因此,本研究希望探討以全國能源會議訂定溫室氣體減量為政策目標之課徵碳稅方式,並彙整台灣長期電源開發計畫,推算未來火力發電裝置容量於電力結構中,所佔之比例與變動情形,進而分析市電課徵碳稅後的電價變化情形,再藉由系統動態學方法,模擬碳稅政策對太陽能發電系統生命週期內潛在經濟效益之變化。目前國內探討碳稅政策影響太陽能效益相關文獻甚少,因此,期望本研究成果可供推廣太陽能之政府機關單位與欲研究此類議題之學者,作為相關初步資訊及基礎模型。
Taiwan government promotes the usage of renewable energy to mitigate global warming due to heat-trapping emissions by subsidizing fifty percent of the cost of the construction of solar electric systems of buildings. However, the cost of solar electric system is much higher comparing to general electric and this leads to the government only subsidized 16 cases after the promotion started. Besides promoting the usage of renewable energy, the government also tried to alleviate global warming by introducing carbon tax. The carbon tax will reflects the cost of electric and the potential economical efficiency of solar electric systems for three reasons. First of all, 75 percent of Taiwan energy is provided by fire power. Secondly, the number of fire power plants is increasing. Finally, the carbon tax adds the cost of emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. As a result, the author would like to study both the effect of carbon tax on the price of electrics and the potential economical efficiency by system dynamics.
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