電子業因應歐盟化學物質管制風險管理之研究

Study on the Risk Management of Electronics Industry in Response to the EU’s Regulations on Prohibited Chemicals

陳文凱(Wen-Kai Chen)

指導教授 ： 胡憲倫

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境規劃與管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2007.00219

摘要

由於歐盟RoHS等法令相繼的公佈與實施，國內外的電子產業因此承受了很大的環境風險。國際品牌大廠面對種種化學物質管制的相關環保法規，利用風險管理的各種方式，將風險分散至整個供應鏈；由於國內電子業大多為國際品牌大廠的代工廠，也因此勢必需要接受國際品牌大廠風險轉嫁的壓力。所以本研究主要目的是要了解國內電子業在因應法令或是國際企業的要求時，所評估的風險構面，提出有效的管理，以及實際實施的方法為何，以作為未來電子業改進因應之參考。
本研究透過文獻回顧與國內一品牌商之個案研究，藉此了解企業所實施之風險管理流程，以及因應相關風險的管理方法。而為了解國內企業在風險管理的做法，本研究以供應商、企業本身以及外部團體等三大構面，做為化學物質管理之風險的主要來源，並以綠色供應鏈的設計、採購、製造及出貨等四個階段，分別彙整可能的風險議題與來源，設計問卷。藉由問卷調查，對於國內電子業進行普查，以得到國內電子業的風險重要性評估，管理方法的有效性認知以及實際實施的管理成效等結果。
由風險重要性評估之統計分析得知，國內電子業在因應化學物質管制最為重視產品出貨時的風險，其次為產品設計時的風險。由風險管理的有效性認知以及實際實施成果的統計分析看來，以(1)對於特定列管化學物質之資料應予以建檔；(2)企業應在產品的設計開發中，排除特定列管化學物質之使用；以及(3)出貨的產品應符合各地區的相關綠色規範等三種管理方法，最為國內電子業認為是有效，並且是最主要使用的管理方法。而風險管理的單因子變異數分析結果則顯示出主要客戶地區為歐洲的中小型新興企業表現最為優秀。
在面臨未來接踵而來的國際環保法規，企業更應建立適合企業本身的風險管理機制，決定管理目標的優先順序和有效的管理方法，以確保企業營運目標的達成以及環保與利益之間的平衡，進而提昇企業的競爭力，朝向永續發展的目標邁進。

關鍵字

化學物質 ； 風險管理 ； 綠色供應鏈

並列摘要

After the enforcement of several EU directives- especially the RoHS directive, electronics industry encounters a great deal of environmental risk owing to the restricted or prohibited chemicals within the products, for which it is related to the requirements set by the international name brand companies to their suppliers for transferring risks to their entire supply chain. As OEMs or ODMs for the international name brand companies, almost all the Taiwanese electrnics companies have to bear these environmental risks. Therefore, the purpose of study is to investigate how the Taiwanese companies in response to the risks associated with the requirements of EU regulations on restricted chemicals and to provide effective risk management and practical suggestions to them.
This study first conducted a thorough literature review on the practices and requirements of electronics companies worldwide to understand how the chemical related risks are being tackled and managed. Then, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to the Taiwanese listed electronics companies to explore how these companies prioitize the importance of different risks, according to their awareness and actual practices in response to this issue.
The results show that shipment stage received the most concern by Taiwanese electronics companies and followed by the risk at product design stage. There are three practices considered most effective in responding to risks of restricted chemicals, they are creating a database to manage listed chemicals, performing eco-design to eliminate the usage of prohibited chemicals, and complying different requirements of the areas and countries of shipments. Result of one-way ANOVA also indicated that companies who has small and medium scale (i.e. SMEs) and whose buyers are from Europe have best performance in responing to the risks due to restricted chemicals.
It is suggested that cooperates should establish an environmental risk management mechanism which can prioritize the risks and provide suitable and effective management measures in order to response to the consequential effectiveness of EU directives and to improve the green competitiveness.

並列關鍵字

Chemical substance ； risk management ； green supply chain

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