垃圾進料組成影響飛灰中鉛重金屬含量之研究

Effect of Physical Composition on Pb Metal Content in Flyash Discharged from MSW Incinerator

施忠賢(Chung-Hsien Shih)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境規劃與管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

由於台灣地區地狹人稠，現有的垃圾掩埋場處理容量已逐漸飽和，以至於焚化處理技術已取代垃圾掩埋處理方式，通常焚化後則會產生約20%的灰渣量，其中約3%~7%溶出值將超出「事業廢棄物毒性溶出程序」管制標準，然而焚化後所產生的灰渣又以飛灰中鉛重金屬濃度最常超出法規管制標準，因此特別受到重視。
本研究以12個月的時間，針對北部某大型垃圾焚化廠進行實廠採樣與分析，並且經由「事業廢棄物毒性溶出程序」試驗之分析結果發現，本廠反應生成灰中之總鉛最容易超出管制標準（研究期間共計11次）。因此，如何將反應生成灰中鉛重金屬含量下降至符合TCLP標準，以達無害化之目標有其必要性與急迫性。
有鑑於此，本研究期望藉由源頭控制方式，主要則是針對垃圾進料組成中之紙類、纖維布類、塑膠類、皮革橡膠類進料量比例，探討反應生成灰中鉛重金屬含量之研究。
研究結果顯示，透過迴歸式推估無害化之垃圾進料比例，發現紙類進料量從原本17.06wt%再降低10.0wt%時，反應生成灰TCLP溶出量為4.83mg/L；或纖維布類進料量從原本11.84wt%再降低4.5wt%，反應生成灰TCLP溶出量為4.96mg/L；或塑膠類進料量從原本24.35wt%再降低4.0wt%，反應生成灰TCLP溶出量為4.94mg/L；或皮革橡膠類進料量從原本6.54wt%再降低3.9wt%，反應生成灰TCLP溶出量為3.93mg/L，均能使反應生成灰鉛重金屬TCLP溶出結果即能符合法規標準值(＜5mg/L)。

關鍵字

鉛 ； 飛灰 ； 重金屬 ； 垃圾進料組成

並列摘要

Because there are a lot of people in the narrow Taiwan, the capacity of existing landfill site gradually become saturated. The technique of incineration replaces landfill site. While using the technology of municipal waste usually results about 20% ash. The value of dissolve about 3% ~ 7% will go beyond the standard of「Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure , TCLP」. However produced ash after incineration exceeds the control of the standard, especially the heavy metal of lead concentration in the flyash .
The flyash emitted from a large-scale refuse incinerator in Taipei was sampled and analysis in this research. Due to the TCLP result, it was discovered that the concentration of lead exceeded the standard most frequently (up to 11 times while studying), and therefore lead was targeted mainly in this study. So, how to make heavy metal of lead content in reaction ash droping to accords with TCLP standard in order to reaching the Harmless Have is necessary and urgent.
This research is expected with the control method of the source, direct proportion of amount of material entered physical composition in the paper、textiles、plastics、leather-rubber, discuss reaction ash in lead content of heavy metal in study.
The result of study shows, when the paper amount of material entered reduces from 17.06wt% to 10.0wt%, reaction ash TCLP leaching concentration is 4.83mg/L；Or when the textiles amount of material entered reduces from 11.84wt% to 4.5wt%, reaction ash TCLP leaching concentration is 4.96 mg/L；Or when the plastics amount of material entered reduces from 24.35wt% to 4.0 wt%, reaction ash TCLP leaching concentration is 4.94 mg/L；Or when the leather-rubber amount of material entered reduces from 6.54wt% to 3.9wt%, reaction ash TCLP leaching concentration is 3.93mg/L , and the TCLP leachate could keep under the regulation control standards (＜5mg/ L).

並列關鍵字

lead ； fly ash ； heavy metal ； Physical Composition

參考文獻

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