隧道掘進之土(岩)-機互制與可挖指標研探

A Study of Tunnel Penetration to the Soil(Rock)-Machine Interaction and Cuttability Indices

楊喆巽(Zhe-Xun Yang)

指導教授 ： 陳立憲

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00412

摘要

為俾助大眾捷運之興築與汙水下水道之普及；全台地下開挖工程之營造方興未艾，各項機械式掘削開挖工程案例日增，惟大地工程之學術研究多著重在開挖行為之安全或穩定性評估抑或僅止於工程實務報告，對於機械式之掘削機制則鮮少研究，僅能仰賴日規、歐規等國外廠商之經驗，不必然合適臺灣現地工況。而相關掘進技術於國內、外並無較具學理之施作評核。故本研究首以廣義式地盤-機械開挖之互制行為作統整分析，即先就地質破壞特徵歸納成三類地質材料：(1)脆性類岩、(2)延性土壤，與(3)延-脆複合材料（如卵礫石層）；再由量綱分析針對岩土-機頭之接觸互制行為之推進力系評估影響因子予以正規化。亦即針對：(1)推進力(2)扭矩分別與掘削速率之工進關係，作為正規化工進圖之初步建置，並求取工進橢圓特徵值，作為機械掘削可挖指標（Cuttability indices）之研探。再輔以國內潛盾隧道及管推工法案例調查；分別就其正常推進與異況檢討驗證之。如此據以研析其開挖機制與效率之可挖性乃至適確性。綜整上述研究方法，可得以下結果：
（1） 由正規化之掘削速率與推進力系工進圖，求得『工進橢圓特徵值』：
〈圓心（O）、面積（A）、長、短軸（ax、by或ay、bx）〉，蓋可依此特徵分別作為研析〈地質群集、工況良窳、可挖變異〉以至於整體適確之探討。
（2） 研究案例針對地質材料為（I）卵礫石、（II）風化砂岩及（III）粉土質黏土層，求得『工進橢圓特徵值（O, A, a、b）』分別為：
I = [O（13.85, 10.8）, A = 161.25, ay = 14.26、bx = 14.21]、
II = [O（40.79, 34.05）, A = 258.28, ax = 31.44、by = 10.46]及
III = [O（23.98, 98.37）, A = 492.08, ay = 44.06、bx = 14.22]。
（3） 上述（2）結果再與理論公式比對（Ko-base estimate），估求卵礫石層正常施工之正規化推力約於 4.88∼16.3 × 10-3之間；而風化砂岩層之值約為 14∼55 × 10-3，並求驗卵礫石層工進橢圓特徵值之面積約為90 平方單位，其與本案例調查之相對面積介於1.25∼2.21。
（4） 不同面盤口徑之多尺度機械式掘削開挖之施工良窳、可挖性與適確性之判準，可以「工進橢圓」及其長、短軸量化之；將其作廣義化之研析，由地況似同但工法、種不同，反之亦然狀況下，驗證之。
最後綜合外業調查以提出可挖指標之標準作業程序之建議，應可作為現場推進工況良窳之判別。

關鍵字

全斷面隧道鑽掘機工法 ； 潛盾工法 ； 管推工法 ； 廣義式掘削機制 ； 量綱分析 ； 可挖性指標

並列摘要

To enable the Mood to help mass transit construction and the popularity of sewage, Taiwan's underground excavation works to create the ascendant. The mechanical excavation excavation cases increasing. However, the academic study geotechnical emphasis being given to the safety or stability of the excavation behavior assessment or only limited work is reported, the excavation for the mechanical system are very few studies can only rely on rules , regulations and other foreign manufacturers of Europe Experience is not necessarily appropriate to conditions in Taiwan . The relevant tunneling technology in Taiwan, and there is no reason for more school facilities for assessment . In this study, the first use of the generalized geological - mechanical excavation of the interaction behavior for integrated analysis, that the first damage on generalized geological material characteristics grouped into three categories : (1) brittle rock type , (2) the ductility of the soil, and (3) extension - brittle composite materials ( such as gravel layer ); then dimensional analysis for rock - head interaction behavior of the contact force system to assess the impact factor to promote standardization . That is, for : (1) thrust (2) torque , respectively excavation rate of work into the relationship between the chemical into the charts as a formal study of this thesis , and to strike a work into the elliptic eigenvalue , mechanical excavation to be tapped as indicators of research exploration. Supplemented by pipe jacking and shield tunneling construction methods to promote case studies ; were on their normal progression and the differentiation status of the review verified . So far as to study and analyze the mechanism and efficiency of its excavation to be tapped as well as fitness of correctness . Summarizing the above methods , the availability of the following results:
（1） By the regularization of the excavation work rate and promote the system of forces into the plan , obtained by working into the 『elliptic eigenvalue』center of a circle (O), area (A), long , short axis (ax, by , or ay, bx)x3e, can cover And so were used as study and analyze the characteristics of x3c Geological cluster , condition indices, the variation can be dug x3e extent that the whole appropriate and correct for study .
（2） Case study for geological materials (I) gravel , (II) weathered sandstone and (III) silty clay layer , obtained 『 workers into the elliptic eigenvalue (O, A, a, b) 』 were :
I = [O（13.85, 10.8）, A = 161.25, ay = 14.26、bx = 14.21]、
II = [O（40.79, 34.05）, A = 258.28, ax = 31.44、by = 10.46] and
III = [O（23.98, 98.37）, A = 492.08, ay = 44.06、bx = 14.22]
（3） (2) above results and then compared with the theoretical formula (Ko-base estimate), estimated demand construction of the gravel layer in the normal standardization push about between 4.88 ~ 16.3 × 10-3 ; the weathered sandstone of the value of about 14 ~ 55 × 10-3, and to seek work experience into the gravel layer elliptic eigenvalue of an area of about 90 square units, with the relative size of the case studies ranged from 1.25 to 2.21 .
（4） Different facial disc diameter multi-scale mechanical excavation excavation of the construction of these indices, to be tapped with the appropriate and correct nature of the sub- standard , you can " work into the oval "and its long , short axis quantitative ; to a broad analysis of the study , But from the ground state may work with the law, different , and vice versa situation, verified .Industry surveys Synthetical External finally be tapped to raise the standard operating procedures target the recommendation , should be virtue or as a field of identification Jacking conditions .

並列關鍵字

Tunnel boring machine(TBM) ； Shield tunnel(ST) ； Pipe jacking(PJ) ； Generalized cutting mechanism ； Dimensional analysis(DA) ； Cuttability indices(CI)

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